Over 19 thousand COVID-19 deaths in 2021

More recent figures are available on this topic. View the latest figures here.
© Hollandse Hoogte / Rob Engelaar
In 2021, a total of 19.4 thousand people died due to COVID-19. The highest COVID-19 death toll was recorded in the months with the highest excess mortality: January, November and December. Nearly 61 percent of the COVID-19 deaths last year concerned people aged 80 and over. Forty-six percent of all people who died of COVID-19 had received care under the Long-term Care Act (Wlz). This is reported by Statistics Netherlands (CBS) based on provisional figures on causes of death.

From March 2020 - the start of the coronavirus pandemic - until December 2021 inclusive, there were altogether nearly 40 thousand (39,552) deaths due to suspected or confirmed COVID-19. This included 20,173 deaths in 2020 (12 percent of all deaths recorded that year) and 19,379 (11 percent) in 2021.

In January 2021, the COVID-19 death toll stood at 4,464; in November it was 3,097 and in December 3,353. The highest number of COVID-19 deaths was recorded in April 2020, namely 6,378.

COVID-19 deaths per month
yearmonth80 yrs and over65-79 yrs0-64 yrs
2020March1318764128
2020April42631775340
2020May91533676
2020June1876317
2020July62264
2020August 1143915
2020September2347825
2020October1454614104
2020November2193889154
2020December26871108191
2021*January30361240188
2021*February1705715158
2021*March876625147
2021*April518691198
2021*May311501139
2021*June8212445
2021*July975030
2021*August 26312353
2021*September18111851
2021*October46315348
2021*November2080868149
2021*December2163973217
*provisional figures

COVID-19 mortality coincided with excess mortality

Periods with relatively high COVID-19 mortality had a large overlap with periods of excess mortality as previously established by CBS. At the time, mortality from other cause-of-death categories was around or below the expected level for those categories.

Three different waves of excess mortality can be distinguished over the course of 2020 and 2021: the first wave occurring in the spring of 2020, the second wave from autumn 2020 to early 2021, and the third wave starting end of summer 2021 and lasting until the turn of the year. A peak in excess mortality in August 2020 was clearly related to a heatwave.
During each wave of excess mortality, an increase in COVID-19 mortality is also seen. However, during the third wave (weeks 33 to 52 inclusive), excess mortality was higher than COVID-19 mortality. There were over 11 thousand more deaths than expected, whereas nearly 7.8 thousand deaths were due to COVID-19 (based on the currently available provisional figures). Other causes of death possibly contributed to the excess mortality in that period, especially among 65 to 79-year-olds.

Weekly mortality*
   DeathsExpected mortalityExpected mortality (95% interval)Non-COVID-19 deaths
20201310332772908 – 3645
20202336433112930 – 3692
20203315733442945 – 3742
20204304633923008 – 3776
20205316434073027 – 3788
20206319634012979 – 3823
20207319834082916 – 3901
20208295933872851 – 3922
20209309833522805 – 3898
202010310733152785 – 38453102
202011321832532756 – 37513183
202012361431742711 – 36373202
202013445831042703 – 35053208
202014508530242712 – 33373164
202015498229572719 – 31953004
202016430829152711 – 31202839
202017391028692677 – 30602816
202018338328412650 – 30322715
202019298928212633 – 30092555
202020277727942626 – 29622494
202021277027702620 – 29202552
202022273227532608 – 28982584
202023268227352591 – 28802574
202024268927372600 – 28752624
202025269627252594 – 28552646
202026265927172577 – 28572626
202027263827232544 – 29022605
202028261927192515 – 29232594
202029252827202507 – 29342521
202030267327072515 – 29002654
202031266626872492 – 28822644
202032264226822483 – 28812613
202033320926692481 – 28573159
202034285626632510 – 28152806
202035273526672526 – 28072705
202036269226762549 – 28042666
202037274226982564 – 28322709
202038272127292585 – 28732655
202039289127522618 – 28862752
202040300227862628 – 29432805
202041302228072655 – 29602755
202042322228392677 – 30012786
202043344828622661 – 30632806
202044368728892683 – 30952831
202045358929022692 – 31112695
202046358029322710 – 31552799
202047333529722742 – 32022667
202048340530122762 – 32632752
202049353030372742 – 33322915
202050361531002800 – 33992918
202051390931662830 – 35012969
202052386732222871 – 35732743
202053410232662906 – 36252912
20211414433092940 – 36772998
20212385233432962 – 37242826
20213386233762978 – 37752879
20214371634253040 – 38092894
20215365434403060 – 38212920
20216355034343012 – 38562860
20217352834412949 – 39342877
20218320734202884 – 39552705
20219310533842838 – 39312682
202110324533472817 – 38772861
202111304332852787 – 37822692
202112304532052742 – 36682711
202113317831342733 – 35352813
202114316430542741 – 33662834
202115314129862748 – 32242798
202116314529442739 – 31482843
202117312528972705 – 30882808
202118300328692677 – 30602724
202119301828492660 – 30372775
202120298928212653 – 29892800
202121280627972646 – 29472691
202122300927802635 – 29252894
202123288427622617 – 29062823
202124287127642627 – 29012820
202125267527512620 – 28822648
202126279327432603 – 28832770
202127283827502571 – 29292817
202128287227452541 – 29492853
202129277627472534 – 29602708
202130291327342541 – 29262844
202131295927132518 – 29082850
202132284027082509 – 29072738
202133289926952507 – 28832808
202134292926882535 – 28412823
202135286026932552 – 28332776
202136309027022575 – 28292999
202137291827242590 – 28582826
202138288927552612 – 28992828
202139307227782644 – 29123015
202140307028132655 – 29702996
202141306228352682 – 29872961
202142327328662705 – 30283109
202143338528892688 – 30903097
202144351529172711 – 31233115
202145378429302720 – 31393233
202146399429602738 – 31833186
202147419030012771 – 32313180
202148438730422791 – 32923350
202149436430662771 – 33613368
202150403631302830 – 34293310
202151374031962861 – 35313196
202152365232532902 – 36053313
20221342933212953 – 3690
20222315233562975 – 3737
20223318133902991 – 3788
20224319334383054 – 3822
20225327434543073 – 3835
20226324134473025 – 3870
20227336734552963 – 3947
20228333134332898 – 3969
* The figures for 2021 and 2022 are provisional.

Highest COVID-19 mortality among over-80s

Of the more than 19 thousand people who died due to COVID-19 last year, 60.9 percent were aged 80 or older (11,775 people). The excess mortality in this age group broadly corresponds to mortality due to COVID-19, also during the third wave of excess mortality. During that wave (weeks 33 to 52 of 2021) there were 6.4 thousand more deaths among the over-80s than expected. For at least 5 thousand deaths in this age group, COVID-19 was confirmed as the underlying cause during that period (based on the provisional death count).

Among 65 to 79-year-olds as well, the higher death toll during the third wave of excess mortality broadly corresponds to the elevated mortality due to COVID-19. If COVID-19 is excluded, mortality in this age group - unlike among the over-80s - is still higher than expected, partly falling outside the usual range of expected mortality. During the third wave, 3.5 thousand more deaths than expected were recorded in the group aged 65 to 79 years. According to the provisional figures on causes of death, 2.2 thousand people died of COVID-19 in the same period. Other causes of death may have contributed to the excess mortality in that period.

As for people under 65, weekly mortality tends to fluctuate considerably. In this age group, the first and third excess mortality waves stood out the most, while there was increased COVID-19 mortality during all three waves. During the third wave of excess mortality, there were 1.2 thousand more deaths than expected among people under 65, with nearly 500 confirmed COVID-19 deaths, according to the provisional figures.

Weekly mortality*
   0 to 64 yrs0 to 64 yrs, expected0 to 64 yrs, expected (95%-interval)0 to 64 yrs excl. COVID-1965 to 79 yrs65 to 79 yrs, expected65 to 79 yrs, expected (95%-interval)65 to 79 yrs excl. COVID-1980 yrs and over80 yrs and over, expected80 yrs and over, expected (95%-interval)80 yrs and over excl. COVID-19
20201402418375 – 461938950849 – 1051176319141638 – 2191
20202467421379 – 4641029954852 – 1055186819431649 – 2237
20203465428383 – 473958960858 – 1062173419631646 – 2281
20204398433390 – 475972971870 – 1072167619951679 – 2311
20205493433392 – 473984979872 – 1086168720031696 – 2310
20206436432387 – 4771025979861 – 1097173519971668 – 2327
20207443434387 – 481991982846 – 1118176419991629 – 2369
20208369433386 – 480923982828 – 1136166719781584 – 2371
20209435431379 – 483950972819 – 1125171319541557 – 2351
202010417427377 – 477417941965815 – 1114940174919291542 – 23161745
202011440424373 – 476440986951810 – 1092977179218821524 – 22401766
202012469418368 – 4684481147935800 – 1069994199818241491 – 21571760
202013542414370 – 4594601465921810 – 10331043245117701475 – 20641705
202014533407362 – 4524231589901806 – 995986296317171481 – 19531755
202015523400359 – 4414191496885811 – 960940296216721486 – 18571645
202016458395354 – 4363871292875799 – 951890255816461495 – 17961562
202017480389344 – 4334221194863786 – 939900223716171482 – 17531494
202018470385346 – 4244361039853781 – 925875187316021464 – 17411404
202019425384342 – 426399939849778 – 919833162615881452 – 17241323
202020400382341 – 423381856838766 – 910785152115731456 – 16911328
202021378380337 – 423364847835767 – 904792154415531454 – 16531396
202022390378331 – 425385878832764 – 900839146515411447 – 16361360
202023400379336 – 422397875829764 – 894846140615251425 – 16251331
202024422384342 – 426417858828766 – 891842141015221432 – 16121365
202025392383341 – 426389897825761 – 890888140615131430 – 15961369
202026397385342 – 427392849822758 – 887843141415071412 – 16021391
202027416385342 – 429415822826759 – 893816139915081381 – 16361374
202028404386346 – 427402830825752 – 899821138515031360 – 16471371
202029380389349 – 429380794825755 – 896792135515021346 – 16581349
202030416386345 – 428416847822754 – 890842140914951351 – 16381396
202031392381342 – 420390861819747 – 891853141314831344 – 16221401
202032433382340 – 423431836823747 – 900832137214721329 – 16161350
202033477379340 – 418473946820743 – 898937178814661335 – 15961749
202034425377334 – 420422878821748 – 895863155114591359 – 15591521
202035366378330 – 426362876823755 – 892868149414611368 – 15531475
202036426379331 – 427423838825756 – 893833142914691390 – 15481410
202037410383334 – 432408908830762 – 897902142314811401 – 15611399
202038401389339 – 439396864840765 – 915849145714961410 – 15821410
202039409387335 – 440399884844773 – 914855159815171438 – 15951498
202040444391336 – 446429932853776 – 929882162415391441 – 16371494
202041390390342 – 4393751002855773 – 938921163215591461 – 16571459
202042441394349 – 440418991858773 – 943870178815841473 – 16951498
202043432395350 – 4404041093864772 – 956903192416011467 – 17351499
202044416391347 – 4363811174873782 – 965934209716231474 – 17721516
202045441390349 – 4313991115874791 – 958886203316371474 – 18001410
202046441395356 – 4344071064880796 – 965851207616571483 – 18301541
202047422398362 – 4333891087894810 – 978901182616811504 – 18581377
202048441399362 – 4364051090905825 – 985898187317091519 – 18991449
202049449397357 – 4364111118912822 – 1002936196217301520 – 19401568
202050463402361 – 4434371116922836 – 1009921203617781556 – 20011560
202051477410370 – 4514281192932834 – 1030932224218271586 – 20691609
202052433414372 – 4563811149942843 – 1041866228518711611 – 21311496
202053477414373 – 4594241315958846 – 1046962231118991624 – 21611526
20211468414375 – 4614221261974849 – 1051949241419261638 – 21911627
20212449417379 – 4644101179978852 – 1055899222419551649 – 22371517
20213460423383 – 4734231164985858 – 1062900223819751646 – 22811556
20214444428390 – 4754011145996870 – 1072900212720071679 – 23111593
20215416428392 – 47336111491004872 – 1086955208920151696 – 23101604
20216446427387 – 47740811391004861 – 1097938196520101668 – 23271514
20217513429387 – 48147510941007846 – 1118915192220111629 – 23691487
20218430429386 – 48040310411007828 – 1136900173619901584 – 23711402
20219445426379 – 4834171011997819 – 1125880164919661557 – 23511385
202110449422377 – 4774171028989815 – 1114900176819411542 – 23161544
202111447420373 – 4764091024975810 – 1092870157318941524 – 22401413
202112419414368 – 4683871049959800 – 1069909157818351491 – 21571415
202113441410370 – 4593971086945810 – 1033919165117801475 – 20641497
202114479403362 – 4524271071924806 – 995923161417271481 – 19531484
202115476396359 – 4414341099908811 – 960923156616821486 – 18571441
202116482390354 – 4364351040897799 – 951889162316561495 – 17961519
202117461384344 – 4334191085885786 – 939908158016271482 – 17531481
202118442381346 – 4244071052875781 – 925897151216121464 – 17411420
202119522380342 – 426485970870778 – 919841152615971452 – 17241449
202120434378341 – 4234031061859766 – 910968149515831456 – 16911429
202121415376337 – 423395898857767 – 904840149315631454 – 16531456
202122461374331 – 425446976853764 – 900915157315511447 – 16361533
202123422375336 – 422408955850764 – 894919151015341425 – 16251496
202124427380342 – 426415927850766 – 891909151715311432 – 16121496
202125415379341 – 426409869847761 – 890859139115221430 – 15961380
202126450380342 – 427448874843758 – 887861146915161412 – 16021461
202127435381342 – 429428905847759 – 893900149815181381 – 16361489
202128420382346 – 427418921846752 – 899912153115121360 – 16471523
202129390384349 – 429378931847755 – 896912145515111346 – 16581418
202130418382345 – 428410968843754 – 890951153015041351 – 16381483
202131434377342 – 420424946840747 – 891920157914921344 – 16221506
202132430378340 – 423411897844747 – 900870151314811329 – 16161457
202133419375340 – 418412941841743 – 898910154114751335 – 15961486
202134458373334 – 420443954843748 – 895926151714681359 – 15591454
202135436374330 – 426426901845755 – 892869152514701368 – 15531481
202136448375331 – 4274331033846756 – 8931002161114781390 – 15481564
202137435379334 – 432428945851762 – 897913153914901401 – 15611485
202138451385339 – 439438935861765 – 915915150315051410 – 15821475
202139446383335 – 4404361001865773 – 914984162615261438 – 15951595
202140439387336 – 4464281017874776 – 929998161615481441 – 16371570
202141452386342 – 439441980877773 – 938960163215691461 – 16571560
202142456390349 – 4404471022880773 – 943985180015941473 – 16951677
202143447391350 – 4404331057886772 – 956988188416111467 – 17351676
202144462387347 – 4364401146896782 – 9651019191216331474 – 17721656
202145476386349 – 4314511206897791 – 9581047210516471474 – 18001735
202146446391356 – 4344101228903796 – 9651007232416671483 – 18301769
202147500393362 – 4334471280917810 – 978998241416911504 – 18581735
202148502395362 – 4364461334928825 – 9851061256117191519 – 18991843
202149544392357 – 4364901317935822 – 10021044251717401520 – 19401834
202150483398361 – 4434421253946836 – 10091037231517891556 – 20011831
202151503406370 – 4514511152956834 – 1030975210918391586 – 20691770
202152505410372 – 4564741169966843 – 10411033200418831611 – 21311806
20221499407364 – 4511155984882 – 1085177419361659 – 2213
20222419410368 – 4531012988886 – 1089171919651671 – 2259
20223438417372 – 4611048994893 – 1096169719861668 – 2303
20224380422379 – 46410281006905 – 1107178420181702 – 2334
20225484422381 – 46210411014906 – 1121174720261719 – 2333
20226412421375 – 46610501014896 – 1132177220201691 – 2350
20227407423376 – 47010951017881 – 1153186120221652 – 2392
20228411422375 – 46910741017863 – 1171183720001607 – 2394
* The figures for 2021 and 2022 are provisional.

46 percent of COVID-19 deaths were long-term care recipients in 2021

Among last year’s COVID-19 deaths, 46 percent (8,825 people) had been receiving care under the Long-term Care Act (Wlz), such as residents of nursing homes and institutions for the disabled. In 2020, 58 percent of all COVID-19 deaths were long-term care recipients.
In the first half of 2021, there were relatively few COVID-19 deaths among long-term care recipients and mortality was elevated among the rest of the population.

COVID-19 deaths per month, long-term care users
yearmonthLong-term care usersRest of population
2020March8551355
2020April40702310
2020May910415
2020June160105
2020July6030
2020August11060
2020September215120
2020October1195975
2020November17751460
2020December23451645
2021*January25751890
2021*February13701210
2021*March5151135
2021*April2251185
2021*May150805
2021*June55195
2021*July75100
2021*August200240
2021*September135215
2021*October330335
2021*November15351560
2021*December16601695
*provisional figures

Mortality by cause of death category

At the end of 2021, COVID-19 mortality reached a third peak. At the same time, in the fourth quarter more deaths were due to cardiovascular (+16 percent) and respiratory diseases (+25 percent) than in the previous quarter. This seasonal pattern has been seen each year since 2015; more deaths occur due to these conditions during the winter period. The same pattern is found in mortality due to mental disorders and diseases of the nervous system, which include dementia and Alzheimer's disease for instance, with a rise in mortality of 8 percent relative to the third quarter. During the second peak in COVID-19 mortality, the number of deaths due to respiratory conditions in particular was lower than normal for that time of the year. This was related to the absence of an influenza epidemic.

Mortality by cause-of-death category, per month
yearmonthNeoplasmsCVDMental disorders and
diseases of the nervous system
Respiratory diseasesNon-natural causes of deathCOVID-19
2015January4113405720141727676
2015February3474359717441633629
2015March3877380417671508597
2015April 3813335315291076577
2015May371532611470923569
2015June369629181401790571
2015July389429381498839587
2015August 382727991464685595
2015September382329011447727572
2015October395632221544902650
2015November376831251506906603
2015December383434041625965627
2016January4064369718511331685
2016February3780341317531350632
2016March4072365718441345712
2016April3854318416151043625
2016May389332461677912619
2016June376829001507740587
2016July384129541594813637
2016August 379228181587740600
2016September397228211551677584
2016October405932381616795680
2016November391932031731900644
2016December3962351620231338709
2017January4054407523692129773
2017February3659349119571735660
2017March3945341917681209685
2017April 376331201601905617
2017May391332191696966618
2017June382827251542824612
2017July397627151608731671
2017August 388527611569698622
2017September385528021579763608
2017October383630411640910611
2017November381631801696942728
2017December4026360520031153766
2018January4101380522341670768
2018February3721360121492059744
2018March4215386924662421757
2018April 3760302916651141688
2018May385529751572863695
2018June377827331537785646
2018July383728331771835750
2018August 388127461848710644
2018September371026521658715692
2018October399030161660832767
2018November390030901645868712
2018December3909344617851145768
2019January4105351120121335780
2019February3671310918801412716
2019March4091342319401428728
2019April 3825315417751129702
2019May391530581771994674
2019June378927891640838683
2019July402130801736779735
2019August 395926971748800686
2019September371127281650690682
2019October390632561701960745
2019November3990333718671000717
2019December4007339918311259826
2020January4132358519331363803
2020February3820327017401237742
2020March41253407200613637842210
2020April 3860299418609477666378
2020May3696282314706687101327
2020June384027861386623706267
2020July40262695154066470992
2020August 401128561792806794168
2020September380927621578640738337
2020October3994318616257297232172
2020November3795297215196727153236
2020December3981328616207918403986
2021*January3950339916468257984464
2021*February3454300814366757082578
2021*March3895309414657147541648
2021*April 3926306715057347821407
2021*May381231011572763705951
2021*June396727601665746745251
2021*July398729541711821767177
2021*August 390128561723834712439
2021*September397428541668823744350
2021*October4046331518271014801664
2021*November39293339175110968323097
2021*December3945343419259879063353

COVID-19 mortality figures

Figures on causes of death are based on the cause-of-death certificates completed by an attending medical practitioner. These figures are processed by CBS and published after four months. The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) and the Dutch government report the number of COVID-19 deaths on a weekly basis. This number is lower than the number CBS publishes at a later stage on the basis of causes of death, due to the fact that there is no obligation to report COVID-19 deaths to RIVM. It is also possible that a medical practitioner establishes COVID-19 as the cause of death on the basis of the clinical picture without laboratory testing. CBS publishes weekly mortality figures, before information on causes of death becomes known.

From March 2020 to 31 December 2021 inclusive, based on data that were received from the municipal health services (GGD), RIVM reported 21,049 COVID-19 deaths (as at 29 March 2022). In the same period, based on cause-of-death certificates, CBS registered 39,552 deaths due to confirmed or suspected COVID-19.