Use of biological control agents in greenhouse horticulture
| Biological, control | Crops | Periods | Biological control Area size with deployment of macrobials Area size with deployment of macrobials (ha) | Biological control Area size with deployment of macrobials Area size with deployment of macrobials (%) | Deployed macrobiological control agents (1000 pieces) | Deployed biological control agents per Crop area (1000 pieces/ha) | Deployed biological control agents per Area with biological control agents (1000 pieces/ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total biological, control agents | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 4,926 | 77.6 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 5,579 | 92.0 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 6,356 | 94.4 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 6,628 | 94.4 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | 197 | 68.3 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 193 | 57.5 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 493 | 97.8 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 583 | 96.8 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 246 | 50.7 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 337 | 86.0 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 372 | 80.8 | . | . | . |
| Total biological, control agents | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 502 | 83.9 | . | . | . |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 3,255 | 51.3 | 16,383,247 | 2,581 | 5,034 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 3,989 | 65.8 | 10,605,321 | 1,748 | 2,659 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 4,668 | 69.3 | 52,344,193 | 7,772 | 11,213 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 5,872 | 83.6 | 74,287,591 | 10,575 | 12,651 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | 189 | 65.5 | 952,103 | 3,304 | 5,047 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 180 | 53.8 | 329,383 | 981 | 1,825 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 493 | 97.7 | 3,614,875 | 7,169 | 7,335 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 579 | 96.1 | 4,542,372 | 7,542 | 7,847 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 196 | 40.6 | 514,935 | 1,063 | 2,621 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 309 | 79.0 | 710,575 | 1,814 | 2,296 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 309 | 67.2 | 4,558,508 | 9,914 | 14,762 |
| A Predatory mite and trips total | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 457 | 76.2 | 7,650,704 | 12,775 | 16,759 |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 329 | 5.2 | 471,080 | 74 | 1,430 |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 327 | 5.4 | 257,438 | 42 | 788 |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 470 | 7.0 | 281,417 | 42 | 599 |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 443 | 6.3 | 274,861 | 39 | 621 |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 30 | 9.1 | 17,016 | 51 | 559 |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 269 | 53.4 | 87,179 | 173 | 324 |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 313 | 52.0 | 140,621 | 233 | 449 |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 4 | 0.8 | 2,861 | 6 | 765 |
| A01 Amblydromalus limonicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 439 | 6.9 | 12,847 | 2 | 29 |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 525 | 8.7 | 1,313 | 0 | 3 |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 205 | 3.0 | 3,940 | 1 | 19 |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 411 | 5.8 | 1,439 | 0 | 4 |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 6 | 1.2 | 602 | 1 | 96 |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 2 | 0.5 | 1,365 | 3 | 641 |
| A02 Amblyseius degenerans | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 1,915 | 30.2 | 3,570,941 | 563 | 1,865 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 1,720 | 28.4 | 3,370,379 | 556 | 1,960 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 1,484 | 22.0 | 4,239,221 | 629 | 2,857 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 1,179 | 16.8 | 4,509,777 | 642 | 3,825 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | 89 | 30.9 | 52,861 | 183 | 593 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 18 | 5.4 | 6,706 | 20 | 370 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 57 | 11.2 | 56,236 | 112 | 995 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 102 | 16.9 | 58,849 | 98 | 579 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 191 | 39.5 | 199,935 | 413 | 1,046 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 127 | 32.4 | 249,744 | 638 | 1,968 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 140 | 30.4 | 680,222 | 1,479 | 4,866 |
| A03 Amblyseius swirskii | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 169 | 28.3 | 301,982 | 504 | 1,784 |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 294 | 4.6 | 252,814 | 40 | 859 |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 409 | 6.7 | 1,120,337 | 185 | 2,742 |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 267 | 4.0 | 1,393,933 | 207 | 5,226 |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 203 | 2.9 | 315,115 | 45 | 1,556 |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 28 | 5.5 | 15,178 | 30 | 547 |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 56 | 9.3 | 32,919 | 55 | 586 |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 35 | 8.9 | 27,174 | 69 | 781 |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 70 | 15.3 | 374,210 | 814 | 5,321 |
| A04 Macrocheles robustulus | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 55 | 9.2 | 111,118 | 186 | 2,027 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 991 | 15.6 | 677,531 | 107 | 684 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 1,005 | 16.6 | 550,546 | 91 | 548 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 1,288 | 19.1 | 1,028,487 | 153 | 799 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 1,878 | 26.7 | 1,366,725 | 195 | 728 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 116 | 34.5 | 57,975 | 173 | 501 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 372 | 73.8 | 336,037 | 666 | 903 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 316 | 52.4 | 221,991 | 369 | 703 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 117 | 24.1 | 71,683 | 148 | 614 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 100 | 25.6 | 48,166 | 123 | 481 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 84 | 18.2 | 48,295 | 105 | 576 |
| A05 Neioseiulus californicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 154 | 25.7 | 258,174 | 431 | 1,680 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 1,711 | 26.9 | 10,282,315 | 1,620 | 6,011 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 1,336 | 22.0 | 2,983,415 | 492 | 2,233 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 1,674 | 24.9 | 8,364,729 | 1,242 | 4,997 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 1,538 | 21.9 | 11,816,993 | 1,682 | 7,684 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | 152 | 52.8 | 821,011 | 2,849 | 5,392 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 158 | 46.9 | 237,544 | 707 | 1,507 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 452 | 89.6 | 2,950,392 | 5,851 | 6,533 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 530 | 87.9 | 3,615,004 | 6,002 | 6,827 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 85 | 17.5 | 135,074 | 279 | 1,597 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 78 | 19.8 | 177,733 | 454 | 2,291 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 77 | 16.7 | 464,545 | 1,010 | 6,043 |
| A06 Neioseiulus cucumeris | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 101 | 16.9 | 1,450,244 | 2,422 | 14,362 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 2,344 | 36.9 | 305,532 | 48 | 130 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 2,748 | 45.3 | 661,768 | 109 | 241 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 3,495 | 51.9 | 635,591 | 94 | 182 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 4,705 | 67.0 | 1,319,484 | 188 | 280 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | 63 | 21.8 | 3,345 | 12 | 53 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 39 | 11.7 | 2,437 | 7 | 62 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 243 | 48.1 | 45,140 | 90 | 186 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 378 | 62.8 | 106,196 | 176 | 281 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 133 | 27.4 | 11,404 | 24 | 86 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 205 | 52.3 | 35,323 | 90 | 173 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 173 | 37.7 | 44,065 | 96 | 254 |
| A07 Phytoseiulus persimilis | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 239 | 39.9 | 300,591 | 502 | 1,258 |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 361 | 5.7 | 301,819 | 48 | 836 |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 698 | 11.5 | 1,042,448 | 172 | 1,493 |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 629 | 9.3 | 2,145,161 | 319 | 3,410 |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 1,046 | 14.9 | 2,391,063 | 340 | 2,287 |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 3 | 0.6 | 201 | 0 | 63 |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 144 | 36.8 | 166,602 | 425 | 1,156 |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 145 | 31.6 | 220,735 | 480 | 1,518 |
| A08 Stratiolaelaps scimitus | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 265 | 44.2 | 963,837 | 1,609 | 3,642 |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 316 | 5.0 | 476,280 | 75 | 1,507 |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 699 | 11.5 | 527,471 | 87 | 754 |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 2,189 | 32.5 | 33,849,260 | 5,026 | 15,462 |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 2,927 | 41.7 | 51,492,156 | 7,330 | 17,592 |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 24 | 4.8 | 44,408 | 88 | 1,838 |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 76 | 12.7 | 241,600 | 401 | 3,169 |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 120 | 26.0 | 2,661,160 | 5,787 | 22,230 |
| A09 Transeius montdorensis | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 276 | 46.0 | 3,878,124 | 6,475 | 14,076 |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 252 | 4.0 | 32,089 | 5 | 127 |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 202 | 3.3 | 90,205 | 15 | 447 |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 246 | 3.7 | 402,455 | 60 | 1,637 |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 404 | 5.7 | 799,978 | 114 | 1,982 |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 43 | 8.5 | 79,502 | 158 | 1,854 |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 53 | 8.8 | 123,761 | 205 | 2,347 |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 38 | 8.3 | 61,050 | 133 | 1,591 |
| A99 Predatory mite and trips, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 46 | 7.7 | 386,469 | 645 | 8,362 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 3,319 | 52.3 | 549,120 | 87 | 165 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 4,071 | 67.1 | 1,118,346 | 184 | 275 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 4,998 | 74.2 | 2,440,622 | 362 | 488 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 5,381 | 76.6 | 2,380,989 | 339 | 442 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 91 | 27.2 | 2,304 | 7 | 25 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 247 | 49.0 | 14,610 | 29 | 59 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 309 | 51.2 | 57,742 | 96 | 187 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 162 | 33.5 | 3,704 | 8 | 23 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 94 | 24.1 | 4,839 | 12 | 51 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 175 | 38.1 | 74,584 | 162 | 426 |
| B Parasitoid wasp and gall midge total | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 266 | 44.4 | 127,868 | 214 | 480 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 773 | 12.2 | 6,838 | 1 | 9 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 1,212 | 20.0 | 58,867 | 10 | 49 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 2,228 | 33.1 | 115,284 | 17 | 52 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 2,612 | 37.2 | 154,003 | 22 | 59 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 67 | 20.0 | 316 | 1 | 5 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 179 | 35.5 | 1,171 | 2 | 7 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 208 | 34.5 | 2,444 | 4 | 12 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 91 | 18.9 | 588 | 1 | 6 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 66 | 16.9 | 1,076 | 3 | 16 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 90 | 19.6 | 4,339 | 9 | 48 |
| B01 Aphidius colemani | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 158 | 26.4 | 11,373 | 19 | 72 |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 560 | 8.8 | 4,549 | 1 | 8 |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 681 | 11.2 | 8,944 | 1 | 13 |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 969 | 14.4 | 14,562 | 2 | 15 |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 932 | 13.3 | 8,450 | 1 | 9 |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 41 | 12.1 | 254 | 1 | 6 |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 118 | 23.4 | 260 | 1 | 2 |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 179 | 29.7 | 721 | 1 | 4 |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 44 | 9.5 | 2,502 | 5 | 57 |
| B02 Aphidius ervi | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 74 | 12.3 | 656 | 1 | 9 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 493 | 7.8 | 8,817 | 1 | 18 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 1,191 | 19.6 | 74,802 | 12 | 63 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 2,166 | 32.2 | 248,701 | 37 | 115 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 2,769 | 39.4 | 241,444 | 34 | 87 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 50 | 14.8 | 812 | 2 | 16 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 107 | 21.1 | 4,347 | 9 | 41 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 197 | 32.7 | 16,394 | 27 | 83 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 53 | 13.5 | 1,861 | 5 | 35 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 77 | 16.8 | 6,106 | 13 | 79 |
| B03 Aphidoletes aphidimyza | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 194 | 32.4 | 12,283 | 21 | 63 |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 1,402 | 22.1 | 4,476 | 1 | 3 |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 583 | 9.6 | 3,213 | 1 | 6 |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 620 | 9.2 | 5,238 | 1 | 8 |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 729 | 10.4 | 11,206 | 2 | 15 |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | . |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | . |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | . |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 4 | 0.8 | 364 | 1 | 104 |
| B04 Diglyphus isaea | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 2,086 | 32.9 | 394,597 | 62 | 189 |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 2,351 | 38.8 | 374,161 | 62 | 159 |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 2,218 | 32.9 | 638,197 | 95 | 288 |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 2,360 | 33.6 | 534,349 | 76 | 226 |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 47 | 9.3 | 7,907 | 16 | 168 |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 191 | 31.7 | 30,068 | 50 | 158 |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 22 | 4.9 | 2,363 | 5 | 106 |
| B05 Encarsia formosa | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 46 | 7.7 | 12,177 | 20 | 263 |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 1,272 | 20.0 | 119,547 | 19 | 94 |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 2,031 | 33.5 | 427,707 | 71 | 211 |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 1,856 | 27.6 | 931,752 | 138 | 502 |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 1,641 | 23.4 | 476,167 | 68 | 290 |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 2 | 0.3 | 198 | 0 | 119 |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 21 | 4.5 | 2,884 | 6 | 139 |
| B06 Eretmocerus eremicus | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 39 | 6.5 | 1,622 | 3 | 42 |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 487 | 7.7 | 379 | 0 | 1 |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 826 | 13.6 | 1,976 | 0 | 2 |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 793 | 11.8 | 15,230 | 2 | 19 |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 1,491 | 21.2 | 6,590 | 1 | 4 |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 13 | 2.6 | 10 | 0 | 1 |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 33 | 5.4 | 238 | 0 | 7 |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 23 | 4.9 | 6,124 | 13 | 269 |
| B07 Feltiella acarisuga | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 49 | 8.2 | 3,465 | 6 | 71 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 1,170 | 18.4 | 9,916 | 2 | 8 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 1,186 | 19.6 | 168,675 | 28 | 142 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 1,074 | 15.9 | 471,658 | 70 | 439 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 2,140 | 30.5 | 948,781 | 135 | 443 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 25 | 7.4 | 58 | 0 | 2 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 120 | 23.8 | 717 | 1 | 6 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 173 | 28.8 | 6,775 | 11 | 39 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 110 | 22.6 | 34 | 0 | 0 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 80 | 17.4 | 49,901 | 109 | 622 |
| B99 Parasitoid wasp, gall midge, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 120 | 20.0 | 86,271 | 144 | 721 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 3,205 | 50.5 | 43,095 | 7 | 13 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 3,249 | 53.6 | 71,749 | 12 | 22 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 4,094 | 60.8 | 165,887 | 25 | 41 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 4,597 | 65.4 | 364,410 | 52 | 79 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 38 | 11.3 | 436 | 1 | 11 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 113 | 22.4 | 1,769 | 4 | 16 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 274 | 45.5 | 7,008 | 12 | 26 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 67 | 17.2 | 968 | 2 | 14 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 138 | 30.0 | 17,135 | 37 | 124 |
| C Predatory bug, beetle, lacewing ,hover | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 251 | 42.0 | 16,140 | 27 | 64 |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 167 | 2.6 | 550 | 0 | 3 |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 158 | 2.6 | 561 | 0 | 4 |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 120 | 1.8 | 1,053 | 0 | 9 |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 90 | 1.3 | 1,773 | 0 | 20 |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | . |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | . |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | . |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 4 | 1.0 | 9 | 0 | 2 |
| C01 Delphastus pusillus | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 1,856 | 29.2 | 21,166 | 3 | 11 |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 1,805 | 29.7 | 29,029 | 5 | 16 |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 2,475 | 36.7 | 41,301 | 6 | 17 |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 2,486 | 35.4 | 73,894 | 11 | 30 |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 2 | 0.4 | 11 | 0 | 6 |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | . |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | . |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | . |
| C02 Macrolophus pygmaeus | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 1,187 | 18.7 | 11,687 | 2 | 10 |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 1,181 | 19.5 | 25,347 | 4 | 21 |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 1,678 | 24.9 | 85,478 | 13 | 51 |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 2,055 | 29.2 | 104,872 | 15 | 51 |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 40 | 7.9 | 1,228 | 2 | 31 |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 127 | 21.2 | 2,870 | 5 | 23 |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 21 | 4.6 | 1,112 | 2 | 53 |
| C03 Orius laevigatus | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 122 | 20.4 | 1,986 | 3 | 16 |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 673 | 10.6 | 9,691 | 2 | 14 |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 851 | 14.0 | 16,812 | 3 | 20 |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 1,100 | 16.3 | 38,055 | 6 | 35 |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 2,286 | 32.5 | 183,870 | 26 | 80 |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 86 | 17.1 | 530 | 1 | 6 |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 177 | 29.3 | 4,114 | 7 | 23 |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 66 | 16.8 | 924 | 2 | 14 |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 127 | 27.5 | 16,014 | 35 | 127 |
| C99 Pred.bug,beetle, lacew, hover, other | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 232 | 38.7 | 14,144 | 24 | 61 |
| D Nematode total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 501 | 7.9 | . | . | . |
| D Nematode total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 827 | 13.6 | . | . | . |
| D Nematode total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 583 | 8.7 | . | . | . |
| D Nematode total | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 826 | 11.8 | 3,823,193,115 | 544,259 | 4,628,513 |
| D Nematode total | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D Nematode total | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D Nematode total | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 7 | 1.4 | . | . | . |
| D Nematode total | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | 48 | 7.9 | 15,598,048 | 25,898 | 328,193 |
| D Nematode total | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 125 | 25.9 | . | . | . |
| D Nematode total | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 182 | 46.4 | . | . | . |
| D Nematode total | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 188 | 40.9 | . | . | . |
| D Nematode total | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 208 | 34.8 | 895,363,955 | 1,495,014 | 4,295,729 |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 171 | 2.8 | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 248 | 3.7 | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 445 | 6.3 | 1,560,677,793 | 222,174 | 3,507,839 |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 3 | 0.7 | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 58 | 14.9 | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 87 | 18.9 | . | . | . |
| D01 Steinernema carpocapsae | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 115 | 19.2 | 149,890,067 | 250,276 | 1,302,209 |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | 498 | 7.8 | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 708 | 11.7 | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 452 | 6.7 | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 503 | 7.2 | 1,995,608,261 | 284,089 | 3,964,808 |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 3 | 0.7 | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | 125 | 25.9 | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 128 | 32.7 | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 122 | 26.6 | . | . | . |
| D02 Steinernema feltiae | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 135 | 22.5 | 735,549,664 | 1,228,168 | 5,458,279 |
| D99 Nematode, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2016 | 141 | 2.3 | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2020 | 64 | 0.9 | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Total crops/cultivation sectors | 2024* | 103 | 1.5 | 266,907,061 | 37,996 | 2,597,508 |
| D99 Nematode, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2016 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2020 | 4 | 0.8 | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Strawberries, under glass | 2024* | . | . | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2012 | . | . | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2016 | 52 | 13.4 | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2020 | 26 | 5.6 | . | . | . |
| D99 Nematode, others | Foliage plants under glass | 2024* | 29 | 4.8 | 9,924,225 | 16,571 | 343,303 |
| Source: CBS. | |||||||
Table explanation
This table contains data on the use of biological control agents in horticultural crops under cover. Except about the number of companies which apply biological control agents and the corresponding area, the table gives information about the number of macrobial organisms, as a total and per group of organisms and per ha. A selection can be made by crop.
Microbial pesticides (like bacteria, fungi) are not is this table because they are plant protection products.
Data available from: 2012
Status of the figures:
The figures of 2012, 2016 and 2020 are final, the figures of 2024 are provisional.
Changes as of 12 February 2026:
Provisional figures of 2024 have been added.
Data on the number of agents of nematodes in 2020 have been deleted. In 2024 methodological improvements have been introduced that could not be applied to the 2020 data. Therefore data on number of nematodes in 2020 are not shown.
When will new figures be published?
Final figures of 2024 will become available in the fourt quarter of December 2026.
Description topics
- Biological control
- Biological control implies the deployment of purchased biological control agents for prevention and control of plagues. A biological control agent is a natural enemy of a plague. The agent is an invertebrate macrobial
- Area size with deployment of macrobials
- Size of area with deployment of macrobiological control agents.
- Area size with deployment of macrobials
- Size of area with deployment of macrobiological control agents.
- Area size with deployment of macrobials
- Size of area with deployment of macrobiological control agents, as percentage of the size area of the crop. In case of 100% each hectare of the crop is treated with at least one macrobial.
- Deployed macrobiological control agents
- The number of deployed macrobiological control agents against plagues. Numbers of macrobials from bankerplants are not included. Numbers of macrobials from sachets with guaranteed outflow are included. Nutrition for predators is not included. Notice that the number of nematodes is very large and therefore a total is only provided for the level of biological groups or macrobial organism.
- Deployed biological control agents per
- Numbers of deployed, purchased, macrobial control agents against plagues. Per hectare. Growth of the population during crop growth is neglected.
- Crop area
- Numbers of deployed, purchased, macrobial control agents against plagues. Per hectare of a crop. This number depends also on the number of cultivations of the crop.
- Area with biological control agents
- Numbers of deployed, purchased, macrobial control agents against plagues. Per hectare of a crop with deployment of at least one macrobial. This number depends also on the number of cultivations of the crop.