Avoided use of fossil energy and emission of CO2
| Energy sources/techniques | Energy application | Periods | Avoided carbon dioxide emission (CO2) Avoided emission (kton) | Avoided carbon dioxide emission (CO2) Avoided emission relative (% of total CO2 emission) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total energy sources | Total energy applications | 2022** | 30,869 | 23.39 |
| Total energy sources | Electricity | 2022** | 25,204 | 19.09 |
| Total energy sources | Heat | 2022** | 3,737 | 2.83 |
| Total energy sources | Transport | 2022** | 1,928 | 1.46 |
| Hydro power | Total energy applications | 2022** | 45 | 0.03 |
| Hydro power | Electricity | 2022** | 45 | 0.03 |
| Hydro power | Heat | 2022** | ||
| Hydro power | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Wind energy, total | Total energy applications | 2022** | 11,024 | 8.35 |
| Wind energy, total | Electricity | 2022** | 11,024 | 8.35 |
| Wind energy, total | Heat | 2022** | ||
| Wind energy, total | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Wind energy on shore | Total energy applications | 2022** | 6,698 | 5.07 |
| Wind energy on shore | Electricity | 2022** | 6,698 | 5.07 |
| Wind energy on shore | Heat | 2022** | ||
| Wind energy on shore | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Wind energy off shore | Total energy applications | 2022** | 4,326 | 3.28 |
| Wind energy off shore | Electricity | 2022** | 4,326 | 3.28 |
| Wind energy off shore | Heat | 2022** | ||
| Wind energy off shore | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Solar energy | Total energy applications | 2022** | 8,885 | 6.73 |
| Solar energy | Electricity | 2022** | 8,814 | 6.68 |
| Solar energy | Heat | 2022** | 71 | 0.05 |
| Solar energy | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Solar photovoltaic | Total energy applications | 2022** | 8,814 | 6.68 |
| Solar photovoltaic | Electricity | 2022** | 8,814 | 6.68 |
| Solar photovoltaic | Heat | 2022** | ||
| Solar photovoltaic | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, total | Total energy applications | 2022** | 71 | 0.05 |
| Solar thermal, total | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, total | Heat | 2022** | 71 | 0.05 |
| Solar thermal, total | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, covered systems <= 6 m2 | Total energy applications | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, covered systems <= 6 m2 | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, covered systems <= 6 m2 | Heat | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, covered systems <= 6 m2 | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, covered systems > 6 m2 | Total energy applications | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, covered systems > 6 m2 | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, covered systems > 6 m2 | Heat | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, covered systems > 6 m2 | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, uncovered systems | Total energy applications | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, uncovered systems | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, uncovered systems | Heat | 2022** | ||
| Solar thermal, uncovered systems | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Total geothermal energy | Total energy applications | 2022** | 658 | 0.50 |
| Total geothermal energy | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Total geothermal energy | Heat | 2022** | 658 | 0.50 |
| Total geothermal energy | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Deep geothermal heat | Total energy applications | 2022** | 378 | 0.29 |
| Deep geothermal heat | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Deep geothermal heat | Heat | 2022** | 378 | 0.29 |
| Deep geothermal heat | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Total shallow geothermal energy | Total energy applications | 2022** | 280 | 0.21 |
| Total shallow geothermal energy | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Total shallow geothermal energy | Heat | 2022** | 280 | 0.21 |
| Total shallow geothermal energy | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Shallow geothermal heat, total | Total energy applications | 2022** | 198 | 0.15 |
| Shallow geothermal heat, total | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Shallow geothermal heat, total | Heat | 2022** | 198 | 0.15 |
| Shallow geothermal heat, total | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Shallow geothermal heat, heat pumps | Total energy applications | 2022** | 187 | 0.14 |
| Shallow geothermal heat, heat pumps | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Shallow geothermal heat, heat pumps | Heat | 2022** | 187 | 0.14 |
| Shallow geothermal heat, heat pumps | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Shal geothermal heat, without heat pumps | Total energy applications | 2022** | 11 | 0.01 |
| Shal geothermal heat, without heat pumps | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Shal geothermal heat, without heat pumps | Heat | 2022** | 11 | 0.01 |
| Shal geothermal heat, without heat pumps | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Shallow geothermal cold | Total energy applications | 2022** | 83 | 0.06 |
| Shallow geothermal cold | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Shallow geothermal cold | Heat | 2022** | 83 | 0.06 |
| Shallow geothermal cold | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Aerothermal heat, total | Total energy applications | 2022** | 105 | 0.08 |
| Aerothermal heat, total | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Aerothermal heat, total | Heat | 2022** | 105 | 0.08 |
| Aerothermal heat, total | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Total biomass | Total energy applications | 2022** | 10,152 | 7.69 |
| Total biomass | Electricity | 2022** | 5,322 | 4.03 |
| Total biomass | Heat | 2022** | 2,902 | 2.20 |
| Total biomass | Transport | 2022** | 1,928 | 1.46 |
| Municipal waste; renewable fraction | Total energy applications | 2022** | 1,439 | 1.09 |
| Municipal waste; renewable fraction | Electricity | 2022** | 904 | 0.68 |
| Municipal waste; renewable fraction | Heat | 2022** | 535 | 0.41 |
| Municipal waste; renewable fraction | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Co-firing of biomass in electr. plants | Total energy applications | 2022** | 4,359 | 3.30 |
| Co-firing of biomass in electr. plants | Electricity | 2022** | 4,102 | 3.11 |
| Co-firing of biomass in electr. plants | Heat | 2022** | 256 | 0.19 |
| Co-firing of biomass in electr. plants | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Total biomass households | Total energy applications | 2022** | 650 | 0.49 |
| Total biomass households | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Total biomass households | Heat | 2022** | 650 | 0.49 |
| Total biomass households | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Biomass households, open fireplaces | Total energy applications | 2022** | 11 | 0.01 |
| Biomass households, open fireplaces | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Biomass households, open fireplaces | Heat | 2022** | 11 | 0.01 |
| Biomass households, open fireplaces | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Biomass households, inserts | Total energy applications | 2022** | 93 | 0.07 |
| Biomass households, inserts | Electricity | 2022** | ||
| Biomass households, inserts | Heat | 2022** | 93 | 0.07 |
| Biomass households, inserts | Transport | 2022** | ||
| Source: CBS. | ||||
Dataset is not available.
The use of renewable energy avoids the use of fossil energy and as a consequence avoids emission of CO2. Renewable energy is energy from wind, hydro power, the sun, the earth, heat from outdoor air and biomass. This is energy from natural processes that is replenished constantly.
Figures are presented in an absolute way, as well as related to the total emission of carbon dioxide in the Netherlands.
Avoiding the use of fossil energy and avoiding emission of carbon dioxide are important underlying aims for stimulation of the use of renewable energy.
The figures are broken down into energy source/technique and into application (electricity, heat and transport).
From reporting year 2021, new sustainability criteria for solid and gaseous biomass will apply in the context of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2018). Only solid and gaseous biomass compliant according to these criteria are used to determine the avoided use of fossil energy and emission of CO2 in 2021.
An exception applies to the biogas used for bio-methane production. The current methodology doesn’t discern sustainable from non-sustainable biogas used for bio-methane production. This differs from the methodology used for gross final energy consumption that is the basis of most statistics on renewable energy.
Data available from:
1990
Status of the figures:
This table contains definite figures up to and including 2021 and revised provisional figures for 2022.
Changes as of December 14th 2023
Figures have been adjusted for 2021 and 2022.
As of 2022 final energy consumption of bio jet kerosene is reported in the Netherlands. This bio jet kerosene is used by the aviation sector, which is not counted toward the total primary energy consumption (the denominator of the share of renewable energy in terms of the avoided use of primary fossil energy). This is why bio jet kerosene is not reported in this table.
Changes as of June 30th 2023
Provisional figures added for 2022, revised provisional figures adjusted for 2021.
From reporting year 2021, new sustainability criteria for solid and gaseous biomass will apply in the context of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2018). Only solid and gaseous biomass compliant according to these criteria are used to determine the avoided use of fossil energy and emission of CO2 in 2021.
An exception applies to the biogas used for bio-methane production. The current methodology doesn’t discern sustainable from non-sustainable biogas used for bio-methane production. This differs from the methodology used for gross final energy consumption that is the basis of most statistics on renewable energy.
Changes as of February 8th 2023
Revised provisional figures added for 2021.
Figures for 2020 are definite.
From reporting year 2021, new sustainability criteria for solid and gaseous biomass will apply in the context of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2018). Only solid and gaseous biomass compliant according to these criteria are used to determine the avoided use of fossil energy and emission of CO2 in 2021.
Figures for 2020 and before were calculated based on RED I; in accordance with Eurostat these figures will not be modified anymore. This may result in inconsistencies with other tables.
Changes as of July 2022:
Revised provisional figures added for 2021.
From reporting year 2021, new sustainability criteria for solid and gaseous biomass will apply in the context of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2018). It is currently unclear whether all biomass consumed in the Netherlands meets these new sustainability criteria. This has an impact on the calculation of the avoided use of fossil energy and emission of CO2. For the cases where this uncertainty applies a “.“ is displayed.
When will new figures be published?
Provisional figures: June of the following year.
Revised provisional figures: December of the following year.
Definite figures: December of the second following year.
Description topics
- Avoided carbon dioxide emission (CO2)
- The amount of carbon dioxide that is emitted if no use is made of renewable energy technology. The amount of carbon dioxide is calculated in accordance with the methodology of the Protocol Monitoring Renewable Energy (AgentschapNL, 2010). It covers domestic production of renewable electricity, heat and gas. Imports of green electricity is not included.
This methodology only considers the avoided emission by the use of the renewable energy at the final stage: production of renewable electricity, heat and gas. The earlier stages are not included. For biofuels for road transport greenhouse gas emissions of the earlier stages may be substantial. Therefore, for these biofuels no avoided CO2 emissions are published.- Avoided emission
- 1 kton = 1,000 ton = 1 million kg.
- Avoided emission relative
- Avoided emission of carbon dioxide as percentage of the total Dutch CO2 emission according to the IPCC guidelines (Kyoto Protocol).
CO2 emission figures are provisional.