Current transactions by sectors; National Accounts
Explanation of symbols
Dataset is not available.
This table provides an overview of the non-financial transactions of the institutional sectors of the Dutch economy, distinguishing between uses and resources. Non-financial transactions consist of current transactions and transactions from the capital account. Furthermore, this table provides the main balancing items of the (sub)sectors.
Non-financial transactions are estimated for the main institutional sectors of the economy and the rest of the world.
Sectors are presented both consolidated and non-consolidated.
Data available from:
Annual figures from 1995.
Quarterly figures from first quarter 1999.
Status of the figures:
The figures from 1995 up to and including 2019 are final. Data of 2020, 2021 and 2022 are provisional.
Changes as of March 24th 2023:
Data on the fourth quarter of 2022 and annual data on 2022 are available. The figures for 2021 and the first three quarters of 2022 have been revised. Figures for 2021 have been revised as a result of updated information about government finance statistics. The revisions have an impact several transactions and balancing items. These revisions are temporary recorded slightly differently in the national accounts compared to the government accounts. The national accounts will resolve these differences with the government accounts with the next publication date, June 23rd 2023.
Adjustments as of September 23rd, 2022:
The method for calculating the profits received from and paid to the rest of the world for non-financial corporations has been improved. This impacts several balancing items. As part of these profits pass through financial holdings, paid profits by financial institutions are also changed.
When will new figures be published?
Annual figures: Provisional data are published 6 months after the end of the reporting year. Final data are released 18 months after the end of the reporting year.
Quarterly figures: The first quarterly estimate is available 85 days after the end of each reporting quarter. The first quarter may be revised in September, the second quarter in December. Should further quarterly information become available thereafter, the estimates for the first three quarters may be revised in March. If (new) annual figures become available in June, the quarterly figures will be revised again to bring them in line with the annual figures.
Description topics
- Resources
- Resources are transactions add to the economic value of sectors.
- Total
- Imports of goods and services
- Transactions in goods and services (sales, barter and gifts) from non-residents to residents (in the Netherlands). Imports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from non-residents to residents. This applies irrespective of corresponding physical movements of goods across frontiers. An enterprise or institution is considered residential after it has been active in the Netherlands for at least one year. This applies irrespective of the question whether the enterprise or institute has foreign owners.
- Total
- Imports of goods
- Transactions in goods (sales, barter and gifts) from non-residents to residents (in the Netherlands). Imports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from non-residents to residents. This applies irrespective of corresponding physical movements of goods across frontiers. An enterprise or institution is considered residential after it has been active in the Netherlands for at least one year. This applies irrespective of the question whether the enterprise or institute has foreign owners. Part of the imports are raw materials, semifinished products, fuel and fixed assets. Furthermore, imports of goods may be re-exports: goods that were imported before being exported, after having received at most minor adaptations.
- Imports of services
- Transactions in services (sales, barter and gifts) from non-residents to residents (in the Netherlands). Imports of services applies among others to expenses made by Dutch companies abroad, like costs of transportation, banking costs and business travels. Imports by services are also made by the Dutch general government, among others by means of expenses made by Dutch embassies and consulates. Imports of services by households consist among others of imports of consumer goods and the direct consumptive expenditure by Dutch residents abroad.
- Total
- Imports of services excluding FISIM
- This is the imports of services less the imports of financial intermediation services indirectly measured (fisim) from non-resident financial corporations to residents
- Imports of FISIM
- This is the imports of financial intermediation services indirectly measured (fisim) from non-resident financial corporations to residents.
- Output
- The ensemble of goods and services produced. Also called production. Three types of output are distinguished:
- market output: goods and services sold at a market or intended for sale at a market
- the own-account production of all goods that are retained by their producers for their own final consumption or gross fixed capital formation.
- non-market output: goods and services delivered for free or at economically non-significant prices to other units
Output is valued at basic prices. These are the prices experienced by the producers: product-related taxes have been subtracted from the original prices, subsidies haven been added to them. Costs of transportation, when charged separately by the producer, are not included. Changes in the values of financial and non-financial assets during the reference period are not included either.
Included is the output by all kind-of-activity units residing in the Netherlands, including those that are held by foreign owners. The kind-of-activity units include general government units and other non-commercial units.- Total
- Market output
- Market output consists of output that is disbursed of on the market or intended to be disbursed of on the market. Market output includes:
- products sold at economically significant prices;
- products bartered;
- products used for payments in kind, including compensation of employees in kind and mixed income in kind;
- products supplied by one local Kind-of-activity unit to another within the same institutional unit to be used as intermediate inputs or for final uses;
- products added to the inventories of finished goods and work-in-progress intended for one or other of the above uses (including natural growth of animal of vegetable products and uncompleted structures for which the buyer is unknown).- Total
- Financial intermediation service (FISIM)
- The concept of imputed bank services encompasses the remuneration for financial services which are not paid for directly. This remuneration is included in the actual interest paid or received. In the national accounts this indirect remuneration is specified as financial intermediation service charge indirectly measured.
The size of the imputed bank services is determined on the basis of a ‘reference rate’. This reference rate equals the rate of the interbank loans. The difference between the reference rate and the actual interest paid to depositors or the actual interest received from borrowers is the indirectly measured financial intermediation service charge. The actual interest paid and received is corrected for these imputed bank services.
- Other market output
- Market output consists of output that is disbursed of on the market or intended to be disbursed of on the market. Market output includes:
- products sold at economically significant prices;
- products bartered;
- products used for payments in kind, including compensation of employees in kind and mixed income in kind;
- products supplied by one local Kind-of-activity unit to another within the same institutional unit to be used as intermediate inputs or for final uses;
- products added to the inventories of finished goods and work-in-progress intended for one or other of the above uses (including natural growth of animal of vegetable products and uncompleted structures for which the buyer is unknown).
- Output produced for own final use
- Output produced for own final use consists of goods or services that are retained either for own final consumption or for capital formation by the same institutional unit.
- Total
- Own-account capital formation
- Output of gross fixed capital formation by the same institutional unit.
Examples of products used for own gross fixed capital formation:
- special tools or machines;
- dwellings, or extensions of dwellings, which are produced by households.
- Products retained for own consumption
- Products retained for own final consumption can only be produced by the households sector. Examples of products retained for own final consumption include:
- agricultural products retained by farmers;
- dwelling services produced by owner-occupiers;
- household services produced by employing paid staff.
- Non-market output
- Non-market output is output that is provided to other units for free, or at prices that are not economically significant. Non-market output is subdivided into two items: 'Payments for non-market output', which consists of various fees and charges, and 'Non-market output, other', which is output provided for free.
Non-market output is produced for the following reasons.
- It may be technically impossible to make individuals pay for collective services because their consumption of such services cannot be monitored and controlled. The production of collective services is organized by government units and financed out of funds other than receipts from sales, namely taxation or other government incomes.
- Government units and NPISHs may also produce and supply goods or services to individual households for which they could charge but choose not to do so as a matter of social or economic policy. Examples are the provision of education or health services, for free or at prices that are not economically significant.- Total
- Payments for non-market output
- Payments for non-market output is output that is provided to other units at prices that are not economically significant.
Non-market output is produced for the following reasons.
- It may be technically impossible to make individuals pay for collective services because their consumption of such services cannot be monitored and controlled. The production of collective services is organized by government units and financed out of funds other than receipts from sales, namely taxation or other government incomes.
- Government units and NPISHs may also produce and supply goods or services to individual households for which they could charge but choose not to do so as a matter of social or economic policy. Examples are the provision of education or health services, for free or at prices that are not economically significant.
- Other non-market output
- Other non-market output is output that is provided to other units for.
Non-market output is produced for the following reasons.
- It may be technically impossible to make individuals pay for collective services because their consumption of such services cannot be monitored and controlled. The production of collective services is organized by government units and financed out of funds other than receipts from sales, namely taxation or other government incomes.
- Government units and NPISHs may also produce and supply goods or services to individual households for which they could charge but choose not to do so as a matter of social or economic policy. Examples are the provision of education or health services, for free or at prices that are not economically significant.
- Compensation of employees
- The compensation of employees is the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during an accounting period. The compensation of employees is equal to the sum of wages and salaries and employers' social contributions.
- Total
- Wages and salaries
- Wages and salaries are the remunerations an employee receives in return for work done during an accounting period. Wages and salaries include social contributions, income taxes and other payments payable by the employee, including those withheld by the employer and paid directly to social insurance schemes, tax authorities etc. on behalf of the employee. The most important form of wages and salaries is wages in cash (including withheld income taxes and social contributions). Wages in cash are composed of regular gross wages, standard extra allowances (for instance for hazardous work), bonuses, overtime pay, tips and compensation for costs related to employment (for instance refunds of fares to and from work). Bonuses include holiday pay, tantième, gratifications, profit shares and a thirteenth or fourteenth month. Wages in kind occur if an employee benefits from his or her job besides being paid wages. Examples of payment in kind are private use of a company car, free housing, free food, lower interest rates on mortgages, free or cheap use of the company's products or services, and company supplied or subsidized child care.
- Employers' social contributions
- Employers' social contributions are social contributions payable by employers to social security schemes or other employment-related social insurance schemes to secure social benefits for their employees. Employer's social contributions may be either actual or imputed. As set out by the ESA 2010, pay over periods in which no work is done due to illness or bad weather is registered as part of employers' social contributions.
- Taxes on production and imports
- Taxes on production and imports are compulsory payments to the government and the European Union (EU), which are related to production, imports and to the use of production factors. Taxes on production and imports are classified into taxes on products and other taxes on production.
- Total
- Taxes on products
- Taxes that are payable per unit of a given good or service produced or imported. The tax may be a specific amount of money per unit of quantity of a good or service, or it may be calculated as a specified percentage of the price per unit or value of the goods and services produced or traded.
- Total
- Value added tax (VAT)
- Value added tax (VAT) is a tax on goods or services collected in stages by enterprises and which is ultimately charged in full to the final purchaser. The common feature of VAT is that producers are obliged to pay to the government only the difference between the VAT on their sales and the VAT on their purchases for intermediate consumption and gross fixed capital formation.
- Taxes, duties on imports excluding VAT
- Taxes and duties on imports excluding VAT comprise compulsory payments levied by general government or the institutions of the European Union on imported goods, excluding VAT, in order to admit them to free circulation on the economic territory, and on services provided to resident units by non-resident units. Examples are import duties and excise duties on imported fuel.
- Other taxes on products
- Taxes on products which are related to domestically produced goods and services. Examples are excise duties on beer and petrol which are produced in the Netherlands.
- Other taxes on production
- Other taxes on production include all taxes on production paid by producers, not related to the value or volume of products produced or transacted. Examples are real estate tax and sewerage charges paid by producers.
- Subsidies (-)
- Current payments from the Dutch government or the European Union to producers with the objective to influence output prices, employment or the remuneration of production factors. Subsidies are distinguished between subsidies on products and other subsidies on production.
- Total
- Subsidies on products
- Subsidies payable per unit of a good or service produced or imported. The amount of subsidies is related to the value or amount of product.
- Other subsidies on production
- Other subsidies on production include all subsidies on production paid to producers, not related to the value or volume of products domestically produced or transacted. These are subsidies on agricultural products, subsidies on R&D and wage subsidies.
- Property income
- Property income is the income receivable by the owner of a financial asset or a tangible non-produced asset in return for providing funds to, or putting the tangible non-produced asset at the deposal of, another institutional unit.
- Total
- Interest
- Interest is imputed to the period for which the underlying claim or debt exists. The actual interest payments or receipts are corrected for imputed bank services. Therefore there is a shift from actual interest payments and receipts to the production or the consumption of bank services. For producers of imputed bank services this means a decrease of the received interest and an increase of the paid interest with respect to the actual interest flows. For the consumers of imputed bank services this means an increase of received interest and a decrease of paid interest, compared with the actual interest flows.
- Interest; definition National Accounts
- Interest is imputed to the period for which the underlying claim or debt exists. The actual interest payments or receipts are corrected for imputed bank services. Therefore there is a shift from actual interest payments and receipts to the production or the consumption of bank services. For producers of imputed bank services this means a decrease of the received interest and an increase of the paid interest with respect to the actual interest flows. For the consumers of imputed bank services this means an increase of received interest and a decrease of paid interest, compared with the actual interest flows.
- Correction FISIM
- The concept of imputed bank services encompasses the remuneration for financial services which are not paid for directly. This remuneration is included in the actual interest paid or received. In the national accounts this indirect remuneration is specified as financial intermediation services indirectly measured.
The size of the imputed bank services is determined on the basis of a reference rate. This reference rate equals the rate of the interbank loans. The difference between the reference rate and the actual interest paid to depositors or the actual interest received from borrowers is the indirectly measured financial intermediation service charge. The actual interest paid and received is corrected for these imputed bank services.
- Interest before correction for FISIM
- Actual interest is the interest imputed to the period for which the underlying claim or debt exists. This deviates from the concept of interest in the national accounts. In the concept of interest in the national accounts, the actual interest is corrected for imputed bank services.
- Distributed income of corporations
- Distributed income of corporations consists of dividends and withdrawals from income of quasi-corporations.
Dividends are a form of property income received by owners of shares to which they become entitled as a result of placing funds at the disposal of corporations. Dividends are recorded gross, before deduction of dividend tax. This applies also for the taxes on dividends to and from the rest of the world. Dividends are recorded at the moment they are made payable.
Quasi-corporations have no independent legal status. However, they have an economic and financial behavior that is different from that of their owners and similar to that of corporations. Therefore they are classified as non-financial or financial corporations.- Total
- Dividends
- Dividends are a form of property income received by owners of shares to which they become entitled as a result of placing funds at the disposal of corporations. Dividends are recorded gross, before deduction of dividend tax. This applies also for the taxes on dividends to and from the rest of the world. Dividends are recorded at the moment they are made payable.
- Withdrawals from income of quasi-corp.
- Quasi-corporations have no independent legal status. However, they have an economic and financial behavior that is different from that of their owners and similar to that of corporations. Therefore they are classified as non-financial or financial corporations.
- Reinvested earnings on foreign investm.
- Reinvested earnings on foreign direct investment are equal to the operating surplus of the foreign direct investment enterprise
plus any property incomes or current transfers receivable, minus any property incomes or current transfers payable, including actual remittances to foreign direct investors and any current taxes payable on the income, wealth, etc., of the foreign direct investment enterprise.
On the financial account this return on foreign direct investment are returned in the form of the purchase of shares. If the dividends paid is greater than the profit earned in a period, this means that the retained earnings on foreign direct investment are negative.
- Other investment income
- Other investment income consists of:
- investment income attributable to insurance policy holders
- investment income payable on pension entitlements
- investment income attributable to collective investment fund shareholders- Total
- Investm. income attrib. to policy holder
- In the national accounts pension and life insurance technical reserves are seen as a liability of insurance corporations to policy holders. Therefore, the investment revenues on these technical reserves are booked as payments from insurance corporations to households.
Subsequently, households pay back these revenues as imputed contributions to pension funds and life insurance corporations. In the financial accounts the latter transaction is recorded as a component of net equity in life insurance and pension funds technical reserves.
- Income payable on pension entitlements
- In the national accounts collective life insurance and pension provisions are seen as a liability of insurance enterprises and pension funds to pension participants. Therefore, the investment revenues on these provisions are booked as payments from insurance enterprises and pension funds to households.
Subsequently, households pay back these revenues as imputed premiums to insurance companies and pension funds.
- Investment fund shareholders in a transaction recorded in the financial account.
Investment income attributable to collective investment fund shareholders, including mutual funds and unit trusts, consists of the following separate components:
— dividends attributable to collective investment fund shareholders
— retained earnings attributable to collective investment fund shareholders.
Dividends are a form of property income received by owners of shares to which they become entitled as a result of placing funds at the disposal of investments funds.
Reinvested earnings are equal to the operating surplus of the investment funds minus the dividends attributable to shareholders. Reinvested earnings are re-injected into the fund by a transaction recorded in the financial account.
- Rent
- Rent is the income receivable by the owner of a natural resource for putting the natural resource at the disposal of another institutional unit.
There are two different types of resource rents: rent on land, and rent on subsoil resources. Resource rents on other natural resources such as radio spectra follow the same pattern. Examples are rents received by landowners from tenants and royalties for the permission to explore or to extract minerals or fossil fuels (received by owners of such deposits).
- Current taxes on income and wealth
- Current taxes on income and wealth of corporations consist of corporation tax and dividend tax. These taxes are based on the profits of corporations.
Current taxes on income and wealth of households include all taxes, which are periodically imposed on income and wealth, such as the income tax, the wage tax and the tax on net wealth of individuals. Non-periodical levies, such as inheritance tax are defined as capital transfers. Several types of taxes are simultaneously seen as taxes on production and imports when imposed on producers and as taxes on income and wealth when imposed on consumers. For instance, motor vehicle tax is a tax on production when it is imposed on company cars and it is a tax on income and wealth and imports when it is imposed on cars for private use.
The treatment of dividend tax results from the recording of dividends. Because dividends are recorded gross, i.e. before deduction of dividend tax, dividend tax is in all cases recorded at the receiving sector. The same applies for the dividend tax to and from the rest of the world.- Total
- Current taxes on income
- Tax levied on income. These include: corporate income tax, payroll tax, income tax, dividend tax, gambling tax and one-time revenue in connection with the liquidation of holding companies.
- Other current taxes
- Tax levied on capital (such as bank balances, savings and investments). The amount to be paid depends on the volume of the capital.
- Social contributions and benefits
- Social contributions and benefits are transfers to households, in cash or in kind, intended to relieve them from the financial burden of a number of risks or needs, made through collectively organized schemes, or outside such schemes by government units and NPISHs; they include payments from general government to producers which individually benefit households and which are made in the context of social risks or needs.
Social benefits are transfers to households, intended to relieve them from the financial burden of a number of risks or needs, such as sickness, invalidity, disability, old age, survivors and unemployment.- Total
- Net social contributions
- Social contributions include social security contributions, private social contributions (among which contributions to pension schemes) and imputed social contributions. Employers, employees, self-employed persons and non-active persons pay these contributions. Actually, the employers' part is paid directly to the insurers. However, in the national accounts, the employers' contributions are supposed to be part of primary income of households (i.e. the income from direct participation in the production process). Therefore, in first instance these contributions are treated as payments by employers to households as compensation of employees, who are deemed to pay them to the insurers in the income account.
- Total
- Employers' actual social contributions
- Payments by employers, enforced by laws or (collective) labor agreement, in order to make social benefits possible.
- Employers' imputed social contributions
- Imputed social contributions represent the counterpart to the 'unfunded employee social benefits' (less any employees' social contributions) paid directly by employers to their (former) employees. It is necessary to introduce this imputation because the direct payments are recorded twice. Firstly they are recorded as employers' social contributions (part of the compensation of employees). Secondly they are recorded as social benefits.
- Households' actual social contributions
- Households' actual social contributions are social contributions payable on their own behalf by employees, self-employed or non-employed persons to social insurance schemes.
- Households' social contrib. supplements
- Households' social contribution supplements consist of the property income earned during the accounting period on the stock of pension and non-pension entitlements.
- The social insur. scheme service charges
- The social insurance scheme service charges are the service fees charged by the units administering the schemes. They appear here as part of the calculation for net social contributions; they are not redistributive transactions but part of output and consumption expenditure.
- Social benefits in cash
- Social benefits other than social transfers in kind is made up of three sub-headings:
- social security benefits in cash
- other social insurance benefits
- social assistance benefits in cash- Total
- Social security benefits in cash
- Social security benefits in cash are social insurance benefits payable in cash to households by social security funds. Reimbursements are excluded and treated as social transfers in kind.
- Other social insurance benefits
- Other social insurance benefits correspond to benefits payable by employers in the context of other employment related social insurance schemes.
Examples are:
- A continued payment of normal, or reduced, wages during periods of absence from work as a result of ill health, accident, maternity, etc;
- The payment of retirement of survivors’ pensions to ex-employees or their survivors, and the payment of severance allowances to workers of their survivors in the event of redundancy, incapacity, accidental death etc. (if linked to collective agreements).
- Social assistance benefits in cash
- Social assistance benefits are payments of the central and local government to households, for which no quid pro quo by the beneficiary is expected. These benefits are based on a number of Dutch laws, such as the Act on Labor and Social Assistance.
- Other current transfers
- Other current transfers consist of non-life insurance premiums, non-life insurance claims, current transfers within general government, current international co-operation and miscellaneous current transfers.
- Total
- Net non-life insurance premiums
- These premiums provide cover against damage as a result of fires, floods, crashes, collisions, sinkings, theft, violence, accidents, sickness, etc.
The premiums are paid by policy holders to non-life insurance companies and. The premiums are recorded net (i.e. the sum of production costs are deducted).
- Non-life insurance claims
- Non-life insurance claims represent the amounts which insurance enterprises are obliged to pay in settlement of injuries or damage as a result of fires, floods, crashes, collisions, sinkings, theft, violence, accidents, sickness, etc. The claims are paid by the insurance enterprises to the policy holders.
- Current transfers within gen. government
- Current transfers within general government include transfers between the different subsectors of general government (central government, state government, local government and social security funds) with the exception of taxes, subsidies, investment grants and other capital transfers.
- Current international co-operation
- Current international co-operation includes all transfers in cash or in kind between general government and governments or international organizations in the rest of the world, except investment grants and other capital transfers.
- Miscellaneous current transfers
- Miscellaneous current transfers include all current transfers not elsewhere classified. They include:
- current transfers to NPISHs include all voluntary contributions (other than legacies), membership subscriptions and financial assistance which NPISHs receive from households (including non-resident households) and, to a lesser extent, from other units;
- current transfers between households consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made, or received, by resident households to, or from, other resident or non-resident households. In particular, they comprise remittances by emigrants or workers permanently settled abroad (or working abroad for a period of a year or longer) to members of their family living in their country of origin, or by parents to children in another location;
- fines and penalties imposed on institutional units by courts of law or quasi-judicial bodies are treated as other miscellaneous current transfers;
- the amounts paid for lottery tickets or placed in bets consist of two elements: the payment of a service charge to the unit organiing the lottery or gambling and a residual current transfer that is paid out to the winners;
- sponsoring by corporations if those payments cannot be regarded as purchases of advertising or other services (for instance, transfers for a good cause, or scholarships.
- The VAT- and GNI-based EU own resource
- The VAT- and GNI-based third and fourth EU own resources are current transfers paid by the general government of each Member State to the institutions of the European Union.
The VAT-based third EU own resource and the GNI-based fourth EU own resource are contributions to the budget of the Union institutions. The level of the contribution of each Member State is based on the levels of their VAT base and their GNI.
The heading also includes miscellaneous non-tax contributions of the government to the institutions of the European Union.
- Adjustm. change in pension entitlements
- Since households are treated in the financial accounts as owners of the pension entitlements an adjustment item is necessary to ensure that any excess of contributions to pension schemes over pension benefits does not affect household savings. This adjustment is equal to the difference between net pension contributions (including imputed contributions) and pension benefits.
- Capital transfers
- Capital transfers are payments for which no quid pro quo by the beneficiary is expected. They burden the wealth of the payer, or are meant to finance fixed capital formation or other long-term expenditures of the receiver. Capital transfers can be classified into capital taxes, investment grants, imputed capital transfers and other capital transfers.
- Total
- Capital taxes
- Capital taxes are compulsory, non-periodical payments to the government. They are based on the wealth of taxable persons. In practice, they only cover the inheritance tax. Taxes on net wealth of individuals are imposed periodically and are therefore recorded as taxes on income and wealth.
- Investment grants
- Investment grants are capital transfers, which are intended to finance fixed capital formation of other units.
- Other capital transfers
- Other capital transfers are capital transfers that cannot be characterized as investment grants or as capital taxes.
- Uses
- Uses are transactions appear which deduces the economic value of sectors.
- Total
- Exports of goods and services
- Transactions in goods and services (sales, barter and gifts) from residents (in the Netherlands) to non-residents. Exports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from residents to non-residents. This applies irrespective of corresponding physical movements of goods across frontiers. An enterprise or institution is considered residential after it has been active in the Netherlands for at least one year. This applies irrespective of the question whether the enterprise or institute has foreign owners.
- Total
- Exports of goods
- Transactions in goods (sales, barter and gifts) from residents (in the Netherlands) to non-residents. Exports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from residents to non-residents. This applies irrespective of corresponding physical movements of goods across frontiers. An enterprise or institution is considered residential after it has been active in the Netherlands for at least one year. This applies irrespective of the question whether the enterprise or institute has foreign owners. Part of the exports of goods are re-exports: goods that were imported before being exported, after having received at most minor adaptations.
- Exports of services
- Transactions in services (sales, barter and gifts) from residents (in the Netherlands) to non-residents. Exports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from residents to non-residents. Exports of services include among others the following cases: transportation by resident carriers abroad, harbor services and ship maintenance to non-residents, works performed abroad by resident contractors. Expenses made in the Netherlands by foreign tourists, diplomats and cross-border workers.
- Total
- Exports of services excluding FISIM
- This is the exports of services less the exports of financial intermediation services indirectly measured from resident financial corporations to non-residents.
- Exports of FISIM
- This is the exports of financial intermediation services indirectly measured from resident financial corporations to non-residents.
- Intermediate consumption (-)
- Goods and services used as input in a production process, with the exception of capital goods. Intermediate consumption consists of goods reshaped into other goods or consumed entirely in the course of the production process (by definition, this holds for all hired services). According to international standards an acquired good or hired service is classified as a fixed asset rather than intermediate consumption when it lasts over one year in a production process. Goods and services that are part of intermediate consumption are valued at market prices at the time they were used.
- Compensation of employees
- The compensation of employees is the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during an accounting period. The compensation of employees is equal to the sum of wages and salaries and employers' social contributions.
- Total
- De vergoedingen voor de werknemer, die in een bepaalde periode arbeid verricht, en die ten laste komen van de werkgever, inclusief de door de werkgever ingehouden loonbelasting en de sociale premies die ten laste komen van de werknemer.
- Wages and salaries
- Wages and salaries are the remunerations an employee receives in return for work done during an accounting period. Wages and salaries include social contributions, income taxes and other payments payable by the employee, including those withheld by the employer and paid directly to social insurance schemes, tax authorities etc. on behalf of the employee. The most important form of wages and salaries is wages in cash (including withheld income taxes and social contributions). Wages in cash are composed of regular gross wages, standard extra allowances (for instance for hazardous work), bonuses, overtime pay, tips and compensation for costs related to employment (for instance refunds of fares to and from work). Bonuses include holiday pay, tantième, gratifications, profit shares and a thirteenth or fourteenth month. Wages in kind occur if an employee benefits from his or her job besides being paid wages. Examples of payment in kind are private use of a company car, free housing, free food, lower interest rates on mortgages, free or cheap use of the company's products or services, and company supplied or subsidized child care.
- Employers' social contributions
- Employers' social contributions are social contributions payable by employers to social security schemes or other employment-related social insurance schemes to secure social benefits for their employees. Employer's social contributions may be either actual or imputed. As set out by the ESA 2010, pay over periods in which no work is done due to illness or bad weather is registered as part of employers' social contributions.
- Taxes on production and imports
- Taxes on production and imports are compulsory payments to the government and the European Union (EU), which are related to production, imports and to the use of production factors. Taxes on production and imports are classified into taxes on products and other taxes on production.
- Total
- Taxes on products
- Taxes that are payable per unit of a given good or service produced or imported. The tax may be a specific amount of money per unit of quantity of a good or service, or it may be calculated as a specified percentage of the price per unit or value of the goods and services produced or traded.
- Other taxes on production
- Other taxes on production include all taxes on production paid by producers, not related to the value or volume of products produced or transacted. Examples are real estate tax and sewerage charges paid by producers.
- Subsidies (-)
- Current payments from the Dutch government or the European Union to producers with the objective to influence output prices, employment or the remuneration of production factors. Subsidies are distinguished between subsidies on products and other subsidies on production.
- Total
- Subsidies on products
- Subsidies payable per unit of a good or service produced or imported. The amount of subsidies is related to the value or amount of product.
- Other subsidies on production
- Other subsidies on production include all subsidies on production paid to producers, not related to the value or volume of products domestically produced or transacted. These are subsidies on agricultural products, subsidies on R&D and wage subsidies.
- Property income
- Property income is the income receivable by the owner of a financial asset or a tangible non-produced asset in return for providing funds to, or putting the tangible non-produced asset at the deposal of, another institutional unit.
- Total
- Interest
- Interest is imputed to the period for which the underlying claim or debt exists. The actual interest payments or receipts are corrected for imputed bank services. Therefore there is a shift from actual interest payments and receipts to the production or the consumption of bank services. For producers of imputed bank services this means a decrease of the received interest and an increase of the paid interest with respect to the actual interest flows. For the consumers of imputed bank services this means an increase of received interest and a decrease of paid interest, compared with the actual interest flows.
- Interest; definition National Accounts
- Interest is imputed to the period for which the underlying claim or debt exists. The actual interest payments or receipts are corrected for imputed bank services. Therefore there is a shift from actual interest payments and receipts to the production or the consumption of bank services. For producers of imputed bank services this means a decrease of the received interest and an increase of the paid interest with respect to the actual interest flows. For the consumers of imputed bank services this means an increase of received interest and a decrease of paid interest, compared with the actual interest flows.
- Correction FISIM
- The concept of imputed bank services encompasses the remuneration for financial services which are not paid for directly. This remuneration is included in the actual interest paid or received. In the national accounts this indirect remuneration is specified as financial intermediation services indirectly measured.
The size of the imputed bank services is determined on the basis of a reference rate. This reference rate equals the rate of the interbank loans. The difference between the reference rate and the actual interest paid to depositors or the actual interest received from borrowers is the indirectly measured financial intermediation service charge. The actual interest paid and received is corrected for these imputed bank services.
- Interest before correction for FISIM
- Actual interest is the interest imputed to the period for which the underlying claim or debt exists. This deviates from the concept of interest in the national accounts. In the concept of interest in the national accounts, the actual interest is corrected for imputed bank services.
- Distributed income of corporations
- Distributed income of corporations consists of dividends and withdrawals from income of quasi-corporations.
Dividends are a form of property income received by owners of shares to which they become entitled as a result of placing funds at the disposal of corporations. Dividends are recorded gross, before deduction of dividend tax. This applies also for the taxes on dividends to and from the rest of the world. Dividends are recorded at the moment they are made payable.
Quasi-corporations have no independent legal status. However, they have an economic and financial behavior that is different from that of their owners and similar to that of corporations. Therefore they are classified as non-financial or financial corporations.- Total
- Dividends
- Dividends are a form of property income received by owners of shares to which they become entitled as a result of placing funds at the disposal of corporations. Dividends are recorded gross, before deduction of dividend tax. This applies also for the taxes on dividends to and from the rest of the world. Dividends are recorded at the moment they are made payable.
- Withdrawals from income of quasi-corps.
- Quasi-corporations have no independent legal status. However, they have an economic and financial behavior that is different from that of their owners and similar to that of corporations. Therefore they are classified as non-financial or financial corporations.
- Reinvested earnings on foreign investm.
- Reinvested earnings on foreign direct investment are equal to the operating surplus of the foreign direct investment enterprise
plus any property incomes or current transfers receivable, minus any property incomes or current transfers payable, including actual remittances to foreign direct investors and any current taxes payable on the income, wealth, etc., of the foreign direct investment enterprise.
On the financial account this return on foreign direct investment are returned in the form of the purchase of shares. If the dividends paid is greater than the profit earned in a period, this means that the retained earnings on foreign direct investment are negative.
- Other investment income
- Other investment income consists of:
- investment income attributable to insurance policy holders
- investment income payable on pension entitlements
- investment income attributable to collective investment fund shareholders- Total
- Investm. income attrib. to policy holder
- Investment income attributable to insurance policy holders corresponds to total primary incomes received from the investment of insurance technical reserves. The reserves are those where an insurance corporation recognises a corresponding liability to the policyholders.
In the national accounts pension and life insurance technical reserves are seen as a liability of insurance corporations to policy holders. Therefore, the investment revenues on these technical reserves are booked as payments from insurance corporations to households.
Subsequently, households pay back these revenues as imputed contributions to pension funds and life insurance corporations. In the financial accounts the latter transaction is recorded as a component of net equity in life insurance and pension funds technical reserves.
- Income payable on pension entitlements
- Investment income payable on pension entitlements. Pension entitlements arise from one of two different types of pension schemes. These are defined contribution schemes and defined benefit schemes.
A defined contribution scheme is one where contributions by both employers and employees are invested on behalf of the employees as future pensioners. No other source of funding of pensions is available and no other use is made of the funds. The investment income payable on defined contribution entitlements is equal to the investment income on the funds plus any income earned by renting land or buildings owned by the fund.
The characteristic of a defined benefit scheme is that a formula is used to determine the level of payments to be made to pensioners. This characteristic makes it possible to determine the level of entitlements as the present value of all future payments, calculated using actuarial assumptions about life lengths and economic assumptions about the interest or discount rate. The present value of the entitlements existing at the start of the year increases because the date when the entitlements become payable is one year nearer. This increase is regarded as investment income attributed to the pension holders in the case of defined benefit scheme. The amount of the increase is neither affected by whether the pension scheme actually has sufficient funds to meet all the obligations nor by the type of increase in the funds, whether it is investment income or holding gains, for example.
- Investment income attributable to collective investment fund shareholders, including mutual funds and unit trusts, consists of the following separate components:
- dividends attributable to collective investment fund shareholders
- retained earnings attributable to collective investment fund shareholders
The dividend component is recorded in exactly the same manner as dividends for individual corporations, as described above. The retained earnings component is recorded using the same principles as those described for foreign direct investment enterprises but is calculated excluding any reinvested earnings on foreign direct investment. The remaining retained earnings are attributed to the investment fund shareholders leaving the investment fund with no saving, and are re-injected into the fund by the investment fund shareholders in a transaction recorded in the financial account.
- Rent
- Rent is the income receivable by the owner of a natural resource for putting the natural resource at the disposal of another institutional unit.
There are two different types of resource rents: rent on land, and rent on subsoil resources. Resource rents on other natural resources such as radio spectra follow the same pattern. Examples are rents received by landowners from tenants and royalties for the permission to explore or to extract minerals or fossil fuels (received by owners of such deposits).
- Current taxes on income and wealth
- Current taxes on income and wealth of corporations consist of corporation tax and dividend tax. These taxes are based on the profits of corporations.
Current taxes on income and wealth of households include all taxes, which are periodically imposed on income and wealth, such as the income tax, the wage tax and the tax on net wealth of individuals. Non-periodical levies, such as inheritance tax are defined as capital transfers. Several types of taxes are simultaneously seen as taxes on production and imports when imposed on producers and as taxes on income and wealth when imposed on consumers. For instance, motor vehicle tax is a tax on production when it is imposed on company cars and it is a tax on income and wealth and imports when it is imposed on cars for private use.
The treatment of dividend tax results from the recording of dividends. Because dividends are recorded gross, i.e. before deduction of dividend tax, dividend tax is in all cases recorded at the receiving sector. The same applies for the dividend tax to and from the rest of the world.- Total
- Current taxes on income
- Tax levied on income. These include: corporate income tax, payroll tax, income tax, dividend tax, gambling tax and one-time revenue in connection with the liquidation of holding companies.
- Other current taxes
- Tax levied on capital (such as bank balances, savings and investments). The amount to be paid depends on the volume of the capital.
- Social contributions and benefits
- Social contributions and benefits are transfers to households, in cash or in kind, intended to relieve them from the financial burden of a number of risks or needs, made through collectively organized schemes, or outside such schemes by government units and NPISHs; they include payments from general government to producers which individually benefit households and which are made in the context of social risks or needs.
Social benefits are transfers to households, intended to relieve them from the financial burden of a number of risks or needs, such as sickness, invalidity, disability, old age, survivors and unemployment.- Total
- Net social contributions
- Social contributions include social security contributions, private social contributions (among which contributions to pension schemes) and imputed social contributions. Employers, employees, self-employed persons and non-active persons pay these contributions. Actually, the employers' part is paid directly to the insurers. However, in the national accounts, the employers' contributions are supposed to be part of primary income of households (i.e. the income from direct participation in the production process). Therefore, in first instance these contributions are treated as payments by employers to households as compensation of employees, who are deemed to pay them to the insurers in the income account.
- Total
- Employers' actual social contributions
- Payments by employers, enforced by laws or (collective) labor agreement, in order to make social benefits possible.
- Employers' imputed social contributions
- Imputed social contributions represent the counterpart to the 'unfunded employee social benefits' (less any employees' social contributions) paid directly by employers to their (former) employees. It is necessary to introduce this imputation because the direct payments are recorded twice. Firstly they are recorded as employers' social contributions (part of the compensation of employees). Secondly they are recorded as social benefits.
- Households' actual social contributions
- Households' actual social contributions are social contributions payable on their own behalf by employees, self-employed or non-employed persons to social insurance schemes.
- Households' social contrib. supplements
- Households' social contribution supplements consist of the property income earned during the accounting period on the stock of pension and non-pension entitlements.
- The social insur. scheme service charges
- The social insurance scheme service charges are the service fees charged by the units administering the schemes. They appear here as part of the calculation for net social contributions; they are not redistributive transactions but part of output and consumption expenditure.
- Social benefits in cash
- Social benefits other than social transfers in kind is made up of three sub-headings:
- social security benefits in cash
- other social insurance benefits
- social assistance benefits in cash.- Total
- Social security benefits in cash
- Social security benefits in cash are social insurance benefits payable in cash to households by social security funds. Reimbursements are excluded and treated as social transfers in kind.
- Other social insurance benefits
- Other social insurance benefits correspond to benefits payable by employers in the context of other employment related social insurance schemes.
Examples are:
- A continued payment of normal, or reduced, wages during periods of absence from work as a result of ill health, accident, maternity, etc;
- The payment of retirement of survivors’ pensions to ex-employees or their survivors, and the payment of severance allowances to workers of their survivors in the event of redundancy, incapacity, accidental death etc. (if linked to collective agreements).
- Social assistance benefits in cash
- Social assistance benefits are payments of the central and local government to households, for which no quid pro quo by the beneficiary is expected. These benefits are based on a number of Dutch laws, such as the Act on Labor and Social Assistance.
- Other current transfers
- Other current transfers consist of non-life insurance premiums, non-life insurance claims, current transfers within general government, current international co-operation and miscellaneous current transfers.
- Total
- Net non-life insurance premiums
- These premiums provide cover against damage as a result of fires, floods, crashes, collisions, sinkings, theft, violence, accidents, sickness, etc.
The premiums are paid by policy holders to non-life insurance companies and. The premiums are recorded net (i.e. the sum of production costs are deducted).
- Non-life insurance claims
- Non-life insurance claims represent the amounts which insurance enterprises are obliged to pay in settlement of injuries or damage as a result of fires, floods, crashes, collisions, sinkings, theft, violence, accidents, sickness, etc. The claims are paid by the insurance enterprises to the policy holders.
- Current transfers within gen. government
- Current transfers within general government include transfers between the different subsectors of general government (central government, state government, local government and social security funds) with the exception of taxes, subsidies, investment grants and other capital transfers.
- Current international co-operation
- Current international co-operation includes all transfers in cash or in kind between general government and governments or international organizations in the rest of the world, except investment grants and other capital transfers.
- Miscellaneous current transfers
- Miscellaneous current transfers include all current transfers not elsewhere classified. They include:
- current transfers to NPISHs include all voluntary contributions (other than legacies), membership subscriptions and financial assistance which NPISHs receive from households (including non-resident households) and, to a lesser extent, from other units;
- current transfers between households consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made, or received, by resident households to, or from, other resident or non-resident households. In particular, they comprise remittances by emigrants or workers permanently settled abroad (or working abroad for a period of a year or longer) to members of their family living in their country of origin, or by parents to children in another location;
- fines and penalties imposed on institutional units by courts of law or quasi-judicial bodies are treated as other miscellaneous current transfers;
- the amounts paid for lottery tickets or placed in bets consist of two elements: the payment of a service charge to the unit organizing the lottery or gambling and a residual current transfer that is paid out to the winners;
- sponsoring by corporations if those payments cannot be regarded as purchases of advertising or other services (for instance, transfers for a good cause, or scholarships.
- The VAT- and GNI-based EU own resource
- The VAT- and GNI-based third and fourth EU own resources are current transfers paid by the general government of each Member State to the institutions of the European Union.
The VAT-based third EU own resource and the GNI-based fourth EU own resource are contributions to the budget of the Union institutions. The level of the contribution of each Member State is based on the levels of their VAT base and their GNI.
The heading also includes miscellaneous non-tax contributions of the government to the institutions of the European Union.
- Adjustm. change in pension entitlements
- Since households are treated in the financial accounts as owners of the pension entitlements an adjustment item is necessary to ensure that any excess of contributions to pension schemes over pension benefits does not affect household savings. This adjustment is equal to the difference between net pension contributions (including imputed contributions) and pension benefits.
- Final consumption expenditure
- Expenditure on produced assets that are used in a production process for more than one year. This may concern a building, dwelling, transport equipment or a machine. This in contrast with goods and services which are used up during the production process, the so-called intermediate use (e.g. iron ore). Fixed capital does lose value over time as a result of normal wear and tear and obsolescence. This is called consumption of fixed capital (also called depreciation). The value of fixed capital formation in which the consumption of fixed capital is not deducted is called gross fixed capital formation. Deduction of the consumption of fixed capital results in net fixed capital formation.
The following types of fixed assets exist: dwellings and other buildings and structures, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, weapon systems (included in machinery and equipment), computers, software, telecommunication equipment, research and development, cultivated biological resources, mineral exploration and evaluation, and costs of ownership transfer on non-produced assets, like land, contracts, leases and licenses.- Total
- Actual individual final consumption
- Expenditure on goods or services that are used for the direct satisfaction of individual needs.
- Total
- Social transfers in kind
- Social transfers in kind consist of individual goods and services provided for free or at prices that are not economically significant to individual households by government units and NPISHs, whether purchased on the market or produced as non-market output by government units or NPISHs. They are financed out of taxation, other government income or social security contributions, or out of donations and property income in the case of NPISHs.
- Total
- Transfers in kind non-market production
- Social transfers in kind are individual goods and services provided directly to the beneficiaries by non-market producers. Any payments made by the households themselves should be deducted.
- Transfers in kind market production
- Individual goods and services in the form of reimbursements by social security funds of approved expenditures made by households on specific goods and services; or
provided directly to the beneficiaries by market producers from which general government purchases the corresponding goods and services.
Any payments made by the households themselves are to be deducted.
- Other individual final consumption
- Other individual final consumption.
- Actual collective final consumption
- Expenditure on goods or services that are used for the direct satisfaction of collective needs.
Collective services have the following characteristics:
-they can be delivered simultaneously to every member of the community or to particular sections of the community, such as those in a particular region or locality;
- the use of such services is usually passive and does not require the agreement or active participation of all the individuals concerned;
- the provision of a collective service to one individual does not reduce the amount available to other in the same community or section of the community.
- Capital transfers
- Capital transfers are payments for which no quid pro quo by the beneficiary is expected. They burden the wealth of the payer, or are meant to finance fixed capital formation or other long-term expenditures of the receiver. Capital transfers can be classified into capital taxes, investment grants, imputed capital transfers and other capital transfers.
- Total
- Capital taxes
- Capital taxes are compulsory, non-periodical payments to the government. They are based on the wealth of taxable persons. In practice, they only cover the inheritance tax. Taxes on net wealth of individuals are imposed periodically and are therefore recorded as taxes on income and wealth.
- Investment grants
- Investment grants are capital transfers, which are intended to finance fixed capital formation of other units.
- Other capital transfers
- Other capital transfers are capital transfers that cannot be characterized as investment grants or as capital taxes.
- Gross capital formation
- Capital formation consists of capital formation in fixed assets and changes in inventories including valuables.
- Total
- Gross fixed capital formation
- Expenditure on produced assets that are used in a production process for more than one year. This may concern a building, dwelling, transport equipment or a machine. This in contrast with goods and services which are used up during the production process, the so-called intermediate use (e.g. iron ore). Fixed capital does lose value over time as a result of normal wear and tear and obsolescence. This is called consumption of fixed capital (also called depreciation). The value of fixed capital formation in which the consumption of fixed capital is not deducted is called gross fixed capital formation. Deduction of the consumption of fixed capital results in net fixed capital formation.
The following types of fixed assets exist: dwellings and other buildings and structures, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, weapon systems (included in machinery and equipment), computers, software, telecommunication equipment, research and development, cultivated biological resources, mineral exploration and evaluation, and costs of ownership transfer on non-produced assets, like land, contracts, leases and licenses.- Total
- Consumption of fixed capital
- The decline in value of fixed assets owned, as a result of normal wear and tear and obsolescence.
For the estimation of the consumption of fixed capital the perpetual inventory method (PIM) is applied. The capital stock at the beginning of the year is brought to replacement value because of price changes. The fixed capital formation during the year is added to this capital stock. Next it is diminished with the value of capital goods discarded. This gives to value of capital stock at the end of the year. The consumption of fixed obtained by applying a depreciation percentage.
This method may differ considerably from the method used to calculate depreciation in business accounts, which is based on historical costs or fiscal life span.
- Net fixed capital formation
- Expenditure on produced assets that are used in a production process for more than one year. This may concern a building, dwelling, transport equipment or a machine. This in contrast with goods and services which are used up during the production process, the so-called intermediate use (e.g. iron ore). Fixed capital does lose value over time as a result of normal wear and tear and obsolescence. This is called consumption of fixed capital (also called depreciation). The value of fixed capital formation in which the consumption of fixed capital is not deducted is called gross fixed capital formation. Deduction of the consumption of fixed capital results in net fixed capital formation.
The following types of fixed assets exist: dwellings and other buildings and structures, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, weapon systems (included in machinery and equipment), computers, software, telecommunication equipment, research and development, cultivated biological resources, mineral exploration and evaluation, and costs of ownership transfer on non-produced assets, like land, contracts, leases and licenses.
- Changes in inventories incl. valuables
- Changes in inventories including acquisitions less disposals of valuables.
Changes in the stock of raw materials, semi-finished products, work-in-progress (unfinished works like ships or oil rigs) and finished products still held by the producer. Changes in stock do not include work-in-progress in construction. Positive changes in inventories arise when products are finished in the reference period but not yet sold. Alternatively, they arise when goods are purchased for intermediate consumption but not yet used. Negative changes in inventories arise when goods from stocks have been sold, or used in the production process.
In measuring changes in inventories, changes in prices during the reference period are not allowed to have any effect. The initial and final inventory is therefore valued at the same price. Raw materials are valued at the price of purchase. Final products are valued at the selling price. Work-in-progress is valued at the cost-price.
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables consists of the acquisitions less disposals of precious stones, non-monetary gold, antiques, art objects and jewelry that are acquired and held primarily as stores of value. In the national accounts this transaction is mostly combined with changes in inventories.- Total
- Changes in inventories
- Changes in inventories including acquisitions less disposals of valuables.
Changes in the stock of raw materials, semi-finished products, work-in-progress (unfinished works like ships or oil rigs) and finished products still held by the producer. Changes in stock do not include work-in-progress in construction. Positive changes in inventories arise when products are finished in the reference period but not yet sold. Alternatively, they arise when goods are purchased for intermediate consumption but not yet used. Negative changes in inventories arise when goods from stocks have been sold, or used in the production process.
In measuring changes in inventories, changes in prices during the reference period are not allowed to have any effect. The initial and final inventory is therefore valued at the same price. Raw materials are valued at the price of purchase. Final products are valued at the selling price. Work-in-progress is valued at the cost-price.
- Acquisitions less disposals of valuables
- Acquisitions less disposals of valuables consists of the acquisitions less disposals of precious stones, non-monetary gold, antiques, art objects and jewelry that are acquired and held primarily as stores of value
- Acq. less disposals of non-prod. assets
- Acquisitions less disposals of non-produced non-financial assets mainly consist of sales of land by public (municipal) development corporations to investors in dwellings and non-residential buildings. The valuation of sales and purchases of land is exclusive of VAT and transfer costs. These are included in fixed capital formation.
For the sector general government intangible assets are included, like the sale of UMTS-frequencies.
- Balancing items
- A balancing item is obtained by subtracting the total value of the entries on one side of an account from the total value on the other side.
- Gross domestic product
- Gross domestic product (GDP) is a quantity that expresses the size of an economy. The volume change of GDP during a reference period expresses the growth or shrinkage of the economy. Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It can be defined in three ways:
- production approach: GDP is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to sectors and industries). It is also the balancing item in the total economy production account;
- expenditure approach: GDP is the sum of final uses of goods and services by resident institutional units (final consumption and gross capital formation), plus exports and minus imports of goods and services;
- income approach: GDP is the sum of uses in the total economy generation of income account (compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, gross operating surplus and mixed income of the total economy).
- Gross value added
- The value of all goods and services produced (production value or output), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production (intermediate consumption). Value added is rated at basic prices: purchaser's prices minus trade and transport margins and taxes on products paid and plus subsidies on products received. Intermediate consumption is rated at purchaser's prices minus non-deductible VAT.
Included is the output by all kind-of-activity units residing in the Netherlands, also those that are held by foreign owners.
Net value added can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from gross value added.
- Net domestic product
- Gross domestic product (GDP) is a quantity that expresses the size of an economy. The volume change of GDP during a reference period expresses the growth or shrinkage of the economy. Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. It can be defined in three ways:
- production approach: GDP is the sum of gross value added of the various institutional sectors or the various industries plus taxes and less subsidies on products (which are not allocated to sectors and industries). It is also the balancing item in the total economy production account;
- expenditure approach: GDP is the sum of final uses of goods and services by resident institutional units (final consumption and gross capital formation), plus exports and minus imports of goods and services;
- income approach: GDP is the sum of uses in the total economy generation of income account (compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, gross operating surplus and mixed income of the total economy).
Net domestic product at market prices (NDP) can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP.
- Net value added
- The value of all goods and services produced (production value or output), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production (intermediate consumption). Value added is rated at basic prices: purchaser's prices minus trade and transport margins and taxes on products paid and plus subsidies on products received. Intermediate consumption is rated at purchaser's prices minus non-deductible VAT.
Included is the output by all kind-of-activity units residing in the Netherlands, also those that are held by foreign owners.
Net value added can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from gross value added.
- Gross operating surplus
- The surplus that remains after compensation of employees and taxes less subsidies on production and imports have been subtracted from the sum of value added at basic prices. For the self-employed (who are part of the sector households) the surplus is called mixed income, it is partly a reward for their entrepreneurship compensation for their labor.
In the system of national accounts gross means that consumption of fixed capital (depreciation) has not been subtracted. When it has, net is used. Depreciation must be paid for from the gross operating surplus.
- Net operating surplus
- The surplus that remains after compensation of employees and taxes less subsidies on production and imports have been subtracted from the sum of value added at basic prices. For the self-employed (who are part of the sector households) the surplus is called mixed income, it is partly a reward for their entrepreneurship compensation for their labor.
In the system of national accounts gross means that consumption of fixed capital (depreciation) has not been subtracted. When it has, net is used. Depreciation must be paid for from the gross operating surplus.
- Gross national income
- Total primary income received by resident institutional units: compensation of employees, operating surplus / mixed income (gross), net property income and net taxes on production and imports less subsidies. Incomes flowing from one domestic sector to another have no effect on net national income. Gross national income (at market prices) equals GDP minus primary income paid by resident institutional units to non-resident institutional units plus primary income received by resident institutional units from the rest of the world. The division of payments by member states to the European Union is largely based upon differences in gross national income.
National income is not a production concept but an income concept, which is more significant if expressed in net terms, i.e. after deduction of consumption of fixed capital.
- Net national income
- Net national income remains after deducting consumption of fixed capital from gross national income.
- Gross disposable income
- The sum of the gross disposable incomes of the institutional sectors. Gross national disposable income equals gross national income (at market prices) minus current transfers (current taxes on income, wealth et cetera, social contributions, social benefits and other current transfers) paid to non-resident units, plus current transfers received by resident units from the rest of the world. Because disposable national income is not a production concept but an income concept, it is usually expressed in net terms, i.e. after deduction of depreciation (consumption of fixed capital).
- Net disposable income
- Net disposable income remains after deducting consumption of fixed capital from gross disposable income.
- Gross saving
- The portion of national disposable income that has not been used for final consumption expenditure.
- Net saving
- Net saving remains after deducting consumption of fixed capital from gross saving.
- Net transactions of good and services
- Net exports is the difference between the value of the exports of goods and services and the value of the imports of goods and services.
- Surplus nation on current transactions
- The net lending (if positive) or borrowing (if negative) of the total economy to / from the rest of the world on current transactions (trade, primary income, current transfers). The surplus of the nation on current transactions is the last item in the use of income account to the rest of the world and consists of: net exports, net primary income from the rest of the world and net current transfers from the rest of the world. The surplus of the nation on current transactions equals the net national savings less the net fixed capital formation.
- Net saving and capital transfers
- Changes in net worth, due to saving and capital transfers, which corresponds to net saving plus capital transfers receivable, minus capital transfers payable.
- Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-)
- Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) is the balancing item on the current and the capital account. This balancing item equals the balance of transactions on the financial account; a deficit on the current and capital account is financed by new liabilities and/or the sale of financial assets. In case of a surplus, liabilities are repaid and/or financial assets acquired.
Net lending or net borrowing for the total economy is equal to the balance on the current and the capital account of all institutional sectors. The balance of the financial account for the total economy shows the amount of net lending to or borrowing from the rest-of-the-world.
- Total financial transactions in assets
- Total financial transactions in assets.
- Total financial transactions liabilities
- Total financial transactions in liabilities.
- Net financial transactions
- Total financial transactions in assets less total financial transactions liabilities.
- Statistical discrepancy
- The statistical discrepancy arises by the use of different sources for the current and capital transactions on the one hand and the financial transactions on the other hand. It is not possible to eliminate these statistical discrepancies at the moment.