Approaches of domestic product (GDP); National Accounts

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Approaches of domestic product (GDP); National Accounts
Periods GDP from the output Value at current prices Gross value added basic prices M-N Business services (million euros) GDP from the output Value at current prices Gross value added basic prices R-U Culture, recreation, other services (million euros) GDP from the output Value at prices of 2015 Gross value added basic prices M-N Business services (million euros) GDP from the output Value at prices of 2015 Gross value added basic prices R-U Culture, recreation, other services (million euros) GDP from the output Volume changes on previous year Gross value added basic prices M-N Business services (%) GDP from the output Volume changes on previous year Gross value added basic prices R-U Culture, recreation, other services (%) GDP from the output Price indices Gross value added basic prices M-N Business services (2015 =100) GDP from the output Price indices Gross value added basic prices R-U Culture, recreation, other services (2015 =100) GDP from the generation of income Value at current prices Taxes and subsidies Taxes on production and imports (million euros) GDP from the generation of income Value at prices of 2015 Taxes and subsidies Taxes on production and imports (million euros) GDP from the generation of income Volume changes on previous year Taxes and subsidies Taxes on production and imports (%) GDP from the generation of income Price indices Taxes and subsidies Taxes on production and imports (2015 =100) GDP from the final expenditure Value at current prices Exports of goods and services Total (million euros) GDP from the final expenditure Value at current prices Exports of goods and services Exports of goods (million euros) GDP from the final expenditure Value at current prices Exports of goods and services Exports of services (million euros) GDP from the final expenditure Value at current prices Imports of goods and services (-) Total (million euros) GDP from the final expenditure Value at current prices Imports of goods and services (-) Imports of goods (million euros) GDP from the final expenditure Value at current prices Imports of goods and services (-) Imports of services (million euros)
2022* 127,550 17,371 110,844 16,209 8.9 25.9 115.1 107.2 112,249 89,648 0.6 125.2 898,661 694,897 203,764 795,208 621,332 173,876
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Dataset is not available.


This table presents annual data on the output components, the final expenditure categories and the income components of gross domestic product of the Netherlands. In the national accounts gross domestic product is approached from three points of view: from the output, from the generation of income and from the final expenditure. Gross domestic product is a main macroeconomic indicator. The volume change of gross domestic product is a measure for the economic growth of a country.

Data available from: 1995.

Status of the figures:
Data from 1995 up to and including 2021 are final. Data of 2022 are provisional.

Changes as of June 23rd 2023:
Data of 2022 have been added to this table.

When will new figures be published?
Provisional data are published 6 months after the end of the reporting year. Final data are released 18 months after the end of the reporting year.

Description topics

GDP from the output
The way GDP is formed by underlying components in the so-called production approach. In this approach GDP equals the sum of value added over all branches (including non-commercial ones). Value added is thereby registered at basic prices. GDP at market prices is obtained by adding taxes less subsidies on production and the difference between imputed and paid VAT. The included taxes and subsidies apply both to produced and imported goods and services. Examples of these are VAT and taxes on import.
Value at current prices
The values are expressed at prices of the reporting period. Alternatively, values may be expressed at constant prices. In this case, prices of a reference period are used.
Gross value added basic prices
The value of all goods and services produced (production value or output), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production (intermediate consumption). Value added is rated at basic prices: purchaser's prices minus trade and transport margins and taxes on products paid and plus subsidies on products received. Intermediate consumption is rated at purchaser's prices minus deductible VAT.
Included is the output by all kind-of-activity units residing in the Netherlands, also those that are held by foreign owners.
Net value added can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from gross value added.
M-N Business services
Business services
This category is made up of the categories:
M Consultancy, research and other specialised business services
N Renting and leasing of tangible goods and other business support services
R-U Culture, recreation, other services
Culture, recreation, other services
This category is made up of the categories:
R Culture, sports and recreation
S Other service activities
T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and service- producing activities of households for own use
U Extraterritorial organisations
Value at prices of 2015
The values are expressed at prices of the reference period 2015 by taking account of inflation. Alternatively, values may be expressed at prices of the reporting period.
Gross value added basic prices
The value of all goods and services produced (production value or output), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production (intermediate consumption). Value added is rated at basic prices: purchaser's prices minus trade and transport margins and taxes on products paid and plus subsidies on products received. Intermediate consumption is rated at purchaser's prices minus deductible VAT.
Included is the output by all kind-of-activity units residing in the Netherlands, also those that are held by foreign owners.
Net value added can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from gross value added.
M-N Business services
Business services
This category is made up of the categories:
M Consultancy, research and other specialised business services
N Renting and leasing of tangible goods and other business support services
R-U Culture, recreation, other services
Culture, recreation, other services
This category is made up of the categories:
R Culture, sports and recreation
S Other service activities
T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and service- producing activities of households for own use
U Extraterritorial organisations
Volume changes on previous year
Volume changes on previous year
The weighted average of the changes in the quantity and quality of the components of a certain goods or service transaction or balancing item, annual percentage changes.
Gross value added basic prices
The value of all goods and services produced (production value or output), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production (intermediate consumption). Value added is rated at basic prices: purchaser's prices minus trade and transport margins and taxes on products paid and plus subsidies on products received. Intermediate consumption is rated at purchaser's prices minus deductible VAT.
Included is the output by all kind-of-activity units residing in the Netherlands, also those that are held by foreign owners.
Net value added can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from gross value added.
M-N Business services
Business services
This category is made up of the categories:
M Consultancy, research and other specialised business services
N Renting and leasing of tangible goods and other business support services
R-U Culture, recreation, other services
Culture, recreation, other services
This category is made up of the categories:
R Culture, sports and recreation
S Other service activities
T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and service- producing activities of households for own use
U Extraterritorial organisations
Price indices
The weighted average of the price changes of the components of a certain variable. Deflators relative to the reference year 2015.
Gross value added basic prices
The value of all goods and services produced (production value or output), minus those that have been intermediately used upon production (intermediate consumption). Value added is rated at basic prices: purchaser's prices minus trade and transport margins and taxes on products paid and plus subsidies on products received. Intermediate consumption is rated at purchaser's prices minus deductible VAT.
Included is the output by all kind-of-activity units residing in the Netherlands, also those that are held by foreign owners.
Net value added can be obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital from gross value added.
M-N Business services
Business services
This category is made up of the categories:
M Consultancy, research and other specialised business services
N Renting and leasing of tangible goods and other business support services
R-U Culture, recreation, other services
Culture, recreation, other services
This category is made up of the categories:
R Culture, sports and recreation
S Other service activities
T Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and service- producing activities of households for own use
U Extraterritorial organisations
GDP from the generation of income
The way GDP is formed by underlying components in the so-called income approach. In this approach the components are the incomes generated from production activities: compensation of employees and operating surplus / mixed income. To remain consistent with GDP at market prices, taxes less subsidies on production and imports (not necessarily product-related) are added.
Value at current prices
The values are expressed at prices of the reporting period. Alternatively, values may be expressed at constant prices. In this case, prices of a reference period are used.
Taxes and subsidies
Taxes and subsidies on production and imports, not necessarily product-related. This figures is needed to make GDP calculated by the income approach equal to GDP calculated by the production approach and the expenditure approach.
Taxes on production and imports
Taxes on production and imports are compulsory payments to the government and the European Union (EU), which are related to production, imports and to the use of production factors. Taxes on production and imports are classified into taxes on products and other taxes on production.
Value at prices of 2015
The values are expressed at prices of the reference period 2015 by taking account of inflation. Alternatively, values may be expressed at prices of the reporting period.
Taxes and subsidies
Taxes and subsidies on production and imports, not necessarily product-related. This figures is needed to make GDP calculated by the income approach equal to GDP calculated by the production approach and the expenditure approach.
Taxes on production and imports
Taxes on production and imports are compulsory payments to the government and the European Union (EU), which are related to production, imports and to the use of production factors. Taxes on production and imports are classified into taxes on products and other taxes on production.
Volume changes on previous year
The weighted average of the changes in the quantity and quality of the components of a certain goods or service transaction or balancing item, annual percentage changes.
Taxes and subsidies
Taxes and subsidies on production and imports, not necessarily product-related. This figures is needed to make GDP calculated by the income approach equal to GDP calculated by the production approach and the expenditure approach.
Taxes on production and imports
Taxes on production and imports are compulsory payments to the government and the European Union (EU), which are related to production, imports and to the use of production factors. Taxes on production and imports are classified into taxes on products and other taxes on production.
Price indices
The weighted average of the price changes of the components of a certain variable. Deflators relative to the reference year 2015.
Taxes and subsidies
Taxes and subsidies on production and imports, not necessarily product-related. This figures is needed to make GDP calculated by the income approach equal to GDP calculated by the production approach and the expenditure approach.
Taxes on production and imports
Taxes on production and imports are compulsory payments to the government and the European Union (EU), which are related to production, imports and to the use of production factors. Taxes on production and imports are classified into taxes on products and other taxes on production.
GDP from the final expenditure
The way GDP is formed by underlying components in the so-called expenditure approach. In this approach the components are consumption by households, consumption by the general government, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and exports, minus imports. Consumption, fixed capital formation and changes in inventories add up to the so-called national final expenditure. By adding exports final expenditure is obtained. Intermediate consumption, goods and services used upon production, is not part of final expenditure.
Value at current prices
The values are expressed at prices of the reporting period. Alternatively, values may be expressed at constant prices. In this case, prices of a reference period are used.
Exports of goods and services
Transactions in goods and services (sales, barter and gifts) from residents (in the Netherlands) to non-residents. Exports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from residents to non-residents. This applies irrespective of corresponding physical movements of goods across frontiers. An enterprise or institution is considered residential after it has been active in the Netherlands for at least one year. This applies irrespective of the question whether the enterprise or institute has foreign owners.
Total
Exports of goods
Transactions in goods (sales, barter and gifts) from residents (in the Netherlands) to non-residents. Exports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from residents to non-residents. This applies irrespective of corresponding physical movements of goods across frontiers. An enterprise or institution is considered residential after it has been active in the Netherlands for at least one year. This applies irrespective of the question whether the enterprise or institute has foreign owners. Part of the exports of goods are re-exports: goods that were imported before being exported, after having received at most minor adaptations.
Exports of services
Transactions in services (sales, barter and gifts) from residents (in the Netherlands) to non-residents. Exports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from residents to non-residents. Exports of services include among others the following cases: transportation by resident carriers abroad, harbour services and ship maintenance to non-residents, works performed abroad by resident contractors. Expenses made in the Netherlands by foreign tourists, diplomats and cross-border workers.
Imports of goods and services (-)
Transactions in goods and services (sales, barter and gifts) from non-residents to residents (in the Netherlands). Imports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from non-residents to residents. This applies irrespective of corresponding physical movements of goods across frontiers. An enterprise or institution is considered residential after it has been active in the Netherlands for at least one year. This applies irrespective of the question whether the enterprise or institute has foreign owners.
Total
Imports of goods
Transactions in goods (sales, barter and gifts) from non-residents to residents (in the Netherlands). Imports of goods occurs when economic ownership of goods is passed from non-residents to residents. This applies irrespective of corresponding physical movements of goods across frontiers. An enterprise or institution is considered residential after it has been active in the Netherlands for at least one year. This applies irrespective of the question whether the enterprise or institute has foreign owners. Part of the imports are raw materials, semifinished products, fuel and fixed assets. Furthermore, imports of goods may be re-exports: goods that were imported before being exported, after having received at most minor adaptations.
Imports of services
Transactions in services (sales, barter and gifts) from non-residents to residents (in the Netherlands). Imports of services applies among others to expenses made by Dutch companies abroad, like costs of transportation, banking costs and business travels. Imports by services are also made by the Dutch general government, among others by means of expenses made by Dutch embassies and consulates. Imports of services by households consist among others of imports of consumer goods and the direct consumptive expenditure by Dutch residents abroad.