Investment climate; innovation international comparison 1990-2008

Table explanation

Description topics

Innovative enterprises

Successful innovative companies with product and/or process innovations in
the last three years. These are companies which introduce new or
considerably improved products (goods) or services for the market, or
implement new or considerably improved processes. Innovations are based
on the results of new technological developments, new combinations of
existing technology, or using other knowledge.
Figures are available for the manufacturing sector (NACE D) and for the
service sector, here defined as NACE sectors I (transport, storage and
communication) and J (financial intermediation) and NACE branches 51
(wholesale trade and commission trade, except of motor vehicles and
motorcycles, 72 (computer and related activities), 74.2 (architectural
and engineering activities and related technical consultancy) and 74.3
(technical testing and analysis). NACE stands for Nomenclature
statistique des activités économiques dans la Communauté Européenne.
Only companies with 10 or more employees. Exception: the figures for
manufacturing in 1996 and 1998 were based on companies with at least 20
employees.
Total sectors of industry in 2006 are the NACE sectors/branches (Rev 1.1):
C, D, E, G51, I, J, K72, K74,2 and K74,3.
Total sectors of industry in 2008 are the NACE sectors/branches (Rev 2):
B, C, D, E, G46, H, J58, J61, J62, J63, K and M71.
Sources: Eurostat, Community Innovation Surveys (various surveys);
Statistics Netherlands.

Employment in high-tech sectors

Employment in the knowledge-intensive high-tech services sector, and
employment in medium and high-tech manufacturing.
Source: Eurostat, Science and Technology Indicators.

Medium and high-tech manufacturing

Medium and high-tech manufacturing industry includes:
- pharmaceutical and medical industry;
- industry for office equipment and computers;
- industry for radio, TV and other means of communication;
- industry for medical, precision and optical instruments;
- aerospace industry;
- chemical industry;
- machinery and equipment industry;
- industry for motor vehicles and other means of transport (excluding
building and repairing ships).
Source: Eurostat, Science and Technology Indicators.

High tech services sector

The knowledge-intensive high-tech services sector includes the
NACE-sectors:
- post and telecommunication (64);
- computer and related activities (72);
- research and development (73).
NACE stands for Nomenclature statistique des activités économiques dans
la Communauté Européenne.
Source: Eurostat, Science and Technology Indicators.

Innovative enterprises with co-operation

Technologically innovative companies in manufacturing and services, which
co-operated with other companies and institutions in the field of
innovation over the last three years. Figures are available for the
manufacturing sector (NACE D) and for the
service sector, here defined as NACE sectors I (transport, storage and
communication) and J (financial intermediation) and NACE branches 51
(wholesale trade and commission trade, except of motor vehicles and
motorcycles, 72 (computer and related activities), 74.2 (architectural
and engineering activities and related technical consultancy) and 74.3
(technical testing and analysis). NACE stands for Nomenclature
statistique des activités économiques dans la Communauté Européenne.
Only companies with 10 or more employees. Exception: the figures for
manufacturing in 1996 and 1998 were based on companies with at least 20
employees.
Sources: Eurostat, Community Innovation Surveys (various surveys);
Statistics Netherlands.

Total

With universities

It concerns companies which have co-operated in the field of innovation
within a three-year period with universities or other higher education
institutes.
Sources: Eurostat, Community Innovation Survey (various surveys);
Statistics Netherlands.