Energy dependence
Energy dependence is calculated by taking the share of imports in relation to domestic production, and breaking this down by type of primary energy source and by country. The share is then scaled according to its contribution to the total energy consumption of the Netherlands so that the transit trade is also factored in. Dependence on a particular energy source can therefore increase in two ways: an increase in imports relative to extraction, or an increase in the share of that energy source in total consumption.
Example: Suppose natural gas represents one-third of the Netherlands’ total energy consumption. Half of that natural gas is extracted domestically in the Netherlands and half is imported from Norway. This means that the Netherlands’ energy dependency on Norwegian gas is 17% (1/3 x 1/2 = 17%).
Primary energy sources include crude oil, natural gas, coal and biomass wood pellets. Wind and solar energy are also primary energy sources, but these count as energy that is produced domestically in the Netherlands.