Supply of ecosystem services: physical and monetary, region

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Regions Ecosystemtypes In physical terms Cultural Services Nature-based recreation (walking) (mln hours) In physical terms Cultural Services Nature-based recreation (other) (mln uren) In physical terms Cultural Services Nature tourism (x1000  overnight stays) In monetary terms Cultural Services Nature-based recreation (walking) (mln euro) In monetary terms Cultural Services Nature-based recreation (other) (mln euro) In monetary terms Cultural Services Nature tourism (mln euro)
The Netherlands Total 1,009 . 71,365 615 1,772 5,408
Total settlements, other artificial area 151 . . 92 . .
Settlement areas 134 . . 82 . .
Infrastructure 17 . . 10 . .
Total urban greenspace, recreation sites 51 . . 31 304 .
Urban greenspace 32 . . 19 . .
Sports and recreation sites 19 . . 11 . .
Total cropland 90 . 375 55 197 32
Annual cropland 82 . . 50 . .
Permanent cropland 3 . . 2 . .
(Semi-)natural cropland 2 . . 1 . .
Unspecified cropland 2 . . 1 . .
Total grassland 162 . 16,509 99 298 1,195
Sown pastures and modified grassland 67 . . 41 . .
Natural and semi-natural grassland 39 . . 24 . .
Unspecified grassland 56 . . 34 . .
Total forest and woodland 374 . 27,472 228 449 2,250
Coniferous forest 118 . . 72 . .
Broadleaved forest 108 . . 65 . .
Mixed forest 148 . . 90 . .
Total heathland and inland sand areas 24 . 3,724 14 20 329
Heathland 22 . . 14 . .
Driftsand, freshwater beaches and oth... 1 . . 1 . .
Total inland wetlands 20 . 3,050 12 30 246
Bogs 2 . . 1 . .
Eutrophe and mesotrophe fens 18 . . 11 . .
Total rivers and canals 16 . 1,803 10 145 141
Total lakes and reservoirs 20 . 3,092 12 158 297
Total coastal beaches, dunes, wetlands 52 . 14,226 32 161 834
Coastal dunes and beaches 50 . . 30 . .
Coastal salt marshes 3 . . 2 . .
Total marine, estuaries and tidal areas 49 . 1,115 30 10 84
Noord-Nederland (LD) Total 105 . 11,782 64 225 1,254
Total settlements, other artificial area 14 . . 8 . .
Settlement areas 13 . . 8 . .
Infrastructure 1 . . 1 . .
Total urban greenspace, recreation sites 4 . . 2 27 .
Urban greenspace 2 . . 1 . .
Sports and recreation sites 2 . . 1 . .
Total cropland 13 . 66 8 29 6
Annual cropland 13 . . 8 . .
Permanent cropland 0 . . 0 . .
(Semi-)natural cropland 0 . . 0 . .
Unspecified cropland 0 . . 0 . .
Total grassland 22 . 2,998 13 44 309
Sown pastures and modified grassland 11 . . 7 . .
Natural and semi-natural grassland 5 . . 3 . .
Unspecified grassland 6 . . 4 . .
Total forest and woodland 34 . 3,502 21 57 336
Coniferous forest 7 . . 4 . .
Broadleaved forest 12 . . 7 . .
Mixed forest 15 . . 9 . .
Total heathland and inland sand areas 3 . 773 2 4 69
Heathland 3 . . 2 . .
Driftsand, freshwater beaches and oth... 0 . . 0 . .
Total inland wetlands 4 . 1,033 2 9 110
Bogs 0 . . 0 . .
Eutrophe and mesotrophe fens 3 . . 2 . .
Total rivers and canals 1 . 135 0 17 16
Total lakes and reservoirs 2 . 652 1 17 103
Total coastal beaches, dunes, wetlands 5 . 2,408 3 19 261
Coastal dunes and beaches 3 . . 2 . .
Coastal salt marshes 1 . . 1 . .
Total marine, estuaries and tidal areas 5 . 216 3 2 43
Oost-Nederland (LD) Total 218 . 16,825 133 396 1,632
Total settlements, other artificial area 26 . . 16 . .
Settlement areas 24 . . 15 . .
Infrastructure 1 . . 1 . .
Total urban greenspace, recreation sites 7 . . 4 64 .
Urban greenspace 3 . . 2 . .
Sports and recreation sites 4 . . 2 . .
Total cropland 19 . 110 11 49 11
Annual cropland 17 . . 10 . .
Permanent cropland 1 . . 0 . .
(Semi-)natural cropland 1 . . 0 . .
Unspecified cropland 0 . . 0 . .
Total grassland 38 . 2,775 23 76 266
Sown pastures and modified grassland 21 . . 13 . .
Natural and semi-natural grassland 8 . . 5 . .
Unspecified grassland 9 . . 6 . .
Total forest and woodland 110 . 10,136 67 136 973
Coniferous forest 34 . . 21 . .
Broadleaved forest 22 . . 13 . .
Mixed forest 54 . . 33 . .
Total heathland and inland sand areas 8 . 1,736 5 8 169
Heathland 7 . . 4 . .
Driftsand, freshwater beaches and oth... 0 . . 0 . .
Total inland wetlands 4 . 601 2 6 60
Bogs 0 . . 0 . .
Eutrophe and mesotrophe fens 4 . . 2 . .
Total rivers and canals 2 . 520 1 24 53
Total lakes and reservoirs 4 . 946 3 32 100
Total coastal beaches, dunes, wetlands 0 . 2 0 . 0
Coastal dunes and beaches 0 . . 0 . .
Coastal salt marshes . . . .
Total marine, estuaries and tidal areas . . . .
West-Nederland (LD) Total 459 . 30,235 280 817 1,515
Total settlements, other artificial area 90 . . 55 . .
Settlement areas 78 . . 47 . .
Infrastructure 12 . . 7 . .
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Table explanation


The data in this table represent various ecosystem services in the Netherlands, grouped into three categories: provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. These services are provided by ecosystems and demonstrate the economic use of nature. The ecosystem services are in most cases expressed in both physical and monetary terms, highlighting their value in both tangible and financial aspects.

The Natural Capital Accounts aim to map the relationship between nature, the economy, and human activities in a clear and internationally comparable way. CBS collaborates with Wageningen University (WUR) on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LVVN) to develop models, data, and maps that provide a spatial and as complete as possible picture of the current state of natural capital in the Netherlands. Ecosystem services form the foundation of this accounting system, representing the contributions of ecosystems to our economy and other human activities.

Data available from: 2016

Status of the figures:
The figures are provisional.
To ensure consistent time series, the entire time series is recalculated each year if necessary, incorporating the latest insights and sources.

When will new figures be available?
New figures are published annually in November.

Changes as of February 16th:
None, this English version of the ecosystem services table is new.

Description topics

In physical terms
Ecosysteem services expressed in physical units
Cultural Services
Cultural ecosystem services contribute to well-being and cultural identity. They provide both tangible and intangible value through recreation, aesthetic enjoyment, and cultural enrichment.
Nature-based recreation (walking)
The contribution of ecosystems to creating an attractive natural environment that encourages recreation. Walking recreation refers to the use of natural ecosystems for walking activities, where the overall well-being of individuals is promoted through contact with nature.
Nature-based recreation (other)
The contribution of ecosystems to creating an attractive natural environment that encourages recreation. Other nature-based recreation refers to the use of natural ecosystems for leisure activities, where the overall well-being of individuals is promoted through contact with nature. This service excludes walking recreation.
Nature tourism
Ecosystems provide opportunities for various forms of nature tourism, where the ecosystem service of nature tourism includes activities related to nature that involve at least one overnight stay.
In monetary terms
Ecosystem services expressed in monetary units (euro)
Cultural Services
Cultural ecosystem services contribute to well-being and cultural identity. They provide both tangible and intangible value through recreation, aesthetic enjoyment, and cultural enrichment.
Nature-based recreation (walking)
The contribution of ecosystems to creating an attractive natural environment that encourages recreation. Walking recreation refers to the use of natural ecosystems for walking activities, where the overall well-being of individuals is promoted through contact with nature.
Nature-based recreation (other)
The contribution of ecosystems to creating an attractive natural environment that encourages recreation. Other nature-based recreation refers to the use of natural ecosystems for leisure activities, where the overall well-being of individuals is promoted through contact with nature. This service excludes walking recreation.
Nature tourism
Ecosystems provide opportunities for various forms of nature tourism, where the ecosystem service of nature tourism includes activities related to nature that involve at least one overnight stay.