Labour income share, economic activity

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Economic activities/branches (SIC 2008) Labour income share (%) Compensation of employees (mln euro) Imputed labour income (mln euro) Net operating surplus (mln euro) Remuneration of labour (mln euro) Remuneration of labour and capital (mln euro)
A-U All economic activities 73.8 559,412 80,108 306,851 639,520 866,263
A-U (excl. O and P) 70.4 461,854 77,391 304,221 539,245 766,075
A-U (excl. B, K, L, O, P and Q) 70.6 349,910 68,661 242,616 418,571 592,526
A Agriculture, forestry and fishing 80.2 5,167 6,260 9,087 11,427 14,254
01 Agriculture 80.2 4,886 6,196 8,940 11,082 13,826
02 Forestry and logging 75.4 159 19 77 178 236
03 Fishing and aquaculture 87.0 122 45 70 167 192
B-E Industry (no construction), energy 55.8 66,376 5,058 61,641 71,434 128,017
B Mining and quarrying 18.6 1,032 19 4,627 1,051 5,659
C Manufacturing 59.3 57,951 3,811 46,116 61,762 104,067
10-12 Manufacture of food and beverages 61.6 10,014 1,118 8,052 11,132 18,066
13-15 Man. of textile-, leatherproducts 87.3 873 73 210 946 1,083
16-18 Man. wood en paperprod., printing 76.4 3,143 133 1,145 3,276 4,288
16 Manufacture of wood products 74.8 921 90 430 1,011 1,351
17 Manufacture of paper 73.5 1,433 2 520 1,435 1,953
18 Printing and reproduction 84.3 789 41 195 830 984
19 Manufacture of coke and petroleum 63.4 711 0 411 711 1,122
20-21 Chemistry and pharmaceuticals 47.5 7,336 745 9,690 8,081 17,026
20 Manufacture of chemicals 92.8 5,278 1 411 5,279 5,689
21 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals 24.7 2,058 744 9,279 2,802 11,337
22-23 Man. plastics and constructionprod 71.8 3,939 46 1,613 3,985 5,552
22 Manufacture rubber, plastic products 68.8 2,324 17 1,077 2,341 3,401
23 Manufacture of building materials 76.4 1,615 29 536 1,644 2,151
24-25 Man. of basic metals and -products 78.1 7,731 530 2,850 8,261 10,581
24 Manufacture of basic metals 102.6 1,718 9 -35 1,727 1,683
25 Manufacture of metal products 73.4 6,013 521 2,885 6,534 8,898
26-27 Elektrical and electron. Industry 60.3 4,949 22 3,301 4,971 8,250
26 Manufacture of electronic products 59.0 2,881 7 2,018 2,888 4,899
27 Manufacture of electric equipment 62.2 2,068 15 1,283 2,083 3,351
28 Manufacture of machinery n.e.c. 42.1 10,246 46 14,222 10,292 24,468
29-30 Transport equipment 75.3 3,195 42 1,103 3,237 4,298
29 Manufacture of cars and trailers 62.9 1,611 15 973 1,626 2,584
30 Manufacture of other transport 94.0 1,584 27 130 1,611 1,714
31-33 Other manufacturing and repair 73.6 5,814 1,056 3,519 6,870 9,333
31-32 Man. of furniture and other prods. 77.8 2,247 440 1,206 2,687 3,453
33 Repair and installation of machinery 71.1 3,567 616 2,313 4,183 5,880
D Energy supply 39.8 4,246 1,197 9,445 5,443 13,691
35 Energy supply 39.8 4,246 1,197 9,445 5,443 13,691
E Water supply and waste management 69.1 3,147 31 1,453 3,178 4,600
36 Water collection and distribution 73.4 543 0 197 543 740
37-39 Sewerage and waste treatment 68.3 2,604 31 1,256 2,635 3,860
F Construction 78.4 27,267 13,061 24,198 40,328 51,465
41 Construction buildings, development 76.5 8,146 5,279 9,412 13,425 17,558
42 Civil engineering 76.5 4,791 674 2,355 5,465 7,146
43 Specialised construction activities 80.1 14,330 7,108 12,431 21,438 26,761
G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 67.1 107,773 14,590 74,705 122,363 182,478
G Wholesale and retail trade 62.1 67,970 7,999 54,440 75,969 122,410
45 Sale and repair of motor vehicles 69.7 7,216 1,249 4,927 8,465 12,143
46 Wholesale trade (no motor vehicles) 56.2 38,482 3,353 35,915 41,835 74,397
47 Retail trade (not in motor vehicles) 71.6 22,272 3,397 13,598 25,669 35,870
H Transportation and storage 73.2 27,690 2,119 13,044 29,809 40,734
49 Land transport 76.6 11,585 1,216 5,131 12,801 16,716
50 Water transport 42.8 1,377 333 2,619 1,710 3,996
51 Air transport 87.7 3,126 0 438 3,126 3,564
52 Warehousing, services for transport 69.2 9,375 347 4,678 9,722 14,053
53 Postal and courier activities 101.9 2,227 223 178 2,450 2,405
I Accommodation and food serving 85.8 12,113 4,472 7,221 16,585 19,334
J Information and communication 82.3 30,850 4,244 11,791 35,094 42,641
58-60 Publishing, movie, radio and TV 67.8 3,368 789 2,760 4,157 6,128
58 Publishing 65.5 1,675 58 971 1,733 2,646
59-60 Movies, TV and radio 69.6 1,693 731 1,789 2,424 3,482
61 Telecommunications 70.0 2,370 4 1,021 2,374 3,391
62-63 IT- and information services 86.2 25,112 3,451 8,010 28,563 33,122
K Financial institutions 56.7 25,630 469 20,416 26,099 46,046
64 Financial institutions, no insurance 50.3 12,797 0 12,623 12,797 25,420
65 Insurance and pension funding 49.2 4,308 0 4,457 4,308 8,765
66 Other financial services 75.8 8,525 469 3,336 8,994 11,861
L Renting, buying, selling real estate 10.7 5,566 -2,184 26,053 3,382 31,619
68 Renting, buying, selling real estate 10.7 5,566 -2,184 26,053 3,382 31,619
M-N Business services 75.5 98,253 19,133 57,168 117,386 155,421
M Other specialised business services 78.3 56,174 13,413 32,731 69,587 88,905
69-71 Management, technical consultancy 77.2 35,602 8,117 21,015 43,719 56,617
69-70 Legal and management consultancy 77.2 35,602 8,117 21,015 43,719 56,617
71 Architects, technical services etc. 83.6 10,670 2,006 4,496 12,676 15,166
72 Research and development 64.8 4,438 124 2,607 4,562 7,045
73-75 Advertising, design and other 85.6 5,464 3,166 4,613 8,630 10,077
73 Advertising and market research 87.9 2,942 792 1,307 3,734 4,249
74-75 Other specialised services 84.0 2,522 2,374 3,306 4,896 5,828
N Renting and other business support 71.9 42,079 5,720 24,437 47,799 66,516
77 Renting and leasing of tangible goods 39.1 2,614 178 4,519 2,792 7,133
78 Employment activities 88.7 27,053 583 4,105 27,636 31,158
79 Travel agencies, tour operators etc 21.4 2,204 152 8,797 2,356 11,001
80-82 Security, other business services 87.2 10,208 4,807 7,016 15,015 17,224
O-Q Government and care 100.0 177,274 13,143 13,139 190,417 190,413
O Public administration and services 100.0 57,305 0 0 57,305 57,305
84 Public administration and services 100.0 57,305 0 0 57,305 57,305
P Education 100.2 40,253 2,717 2,630 42,970 42,883
85 Education 100.2 40,253 2,717 2,630 42,970 42,883
Q Health and social work activities 99.9 79,716 10,426 10,509 90,142 90,225
86 Human health activities 100.4 39,262 7,551 7,362 46,813 46,624
87-88 Care and social work 99.4 40,454 2,875 3,147 43,329 43,601
R-U Culture, recreation, other services 90.3 15,256 6,334 8,653 21,590 23,909
R Culture, sports and recreation 79.2 6,596 2,436 4,806 9,032 11,402
90-92 Arts, culture and lotteries 67.3 3,407 1,908 4,495 5,315 7,902
93 Sports and recreation 106.2 3,189 528 311 3,717 3,500
S Other service activities 100.5 7,116 3,898 3,847 11,014 10,963
94 Membership organisations 99.8 4,899 41 49 4,940 4,948
95 Repair computers and consumergoods 82.9 230 285 391 515 621
96 Other personal services 103.1 1,987 3,572 3,407 5,559 5,394
T Activities of households 100.0 1,544 0 0 1,544 1,544
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Table explanation


This table presents data on the labour income share and the components used to calculate it. The labour income share is a measure of the distribution of earned income between providers of labour (employees and the self-employed) and providers of capital.

Data available from: 1995.

Status of the figures:
Data from 1995 up to and including 2023 are final. Data of 2024 and 2025 are provisional. The labour income share is based on data from the system of supply and use tables and the Sector accounts. Because the Sector accounts are revised annually, definitive figures can be subject to changes.

Changes as of July 8th 2026:
Data of 2025 have been added to this table. Following revision policy, 2024 data are updated, and time series of the sector accounts are revised (annual revision).

When will new figures be published?
Provisional data are published 6 months after the end of the reporting year. Final data are released 18 months after the end of the reporting year.

Description topics

Labour income share
The share of compensation of labor (employees and self-employed) in the total earned income of a country.
Compensation of employees
The total compensation, in cash or in kind, due by an employer to an employee for the work performed during a reporting period. The compensation of employees is equal to the total of wages and social contributions at the expense of employers.
Imputed labour income
Imputed labour income by self-employed and family workers.
Net operating surplus
The surplus that remains after compensation of employees and taxes less subsidies on production and imports have been subtracted from the sum of value added at basic prices. For the self-employed (who are part of the sector households) the surplus is called mixed income, it is partly a reward for their entrepreneurship compensation for their labour.
Remuneration of labour
Remuneration of labour and capital