Labour income share, economic activity

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Economic activities/branches (SIC 2008) Labour income share (%) Compensation of employees (mln euro) Imputed labour income (mln euro) Net operating surplus (mln euro) Remuneration of labour (mln euro) Remuneration of labour and capital (mln euro)
A-U All economic activities 72.9 525,311 81,733 306,937 607,044 832,248
A-U (excl. O and P) 69.5 433,723 78,779 304,060 512,502 737,783
A-U (excl. B, K, L, O, P and Q) 69.9 329,953 70,489 242,627 400,442 572,580
A Agriculture, forestry and fishing 77.2 4,773 6,188 9,424 10,961 14,197
01 Agriculture 77.1 4,502 6,124 9,286 10,626 13,788
02 Forestry and logging 72.6 155 20 86 175 241
03 Fishing and aquaculture 95.2 116 44 52 160 168
B-E Industry (no construction), energy 60.8 62,832 5,982 50,348 68,814 113,180
B Mining and quarrying 30.5 1,004 28 2,382 1,032 3,386
C Manufacturing 62.6 55,286 4,323 39,871 59,609 95,157
10-12 Manufacture of food and beverages 68.7 9,592 1,316 6,280 10,908 15,872
13-15 Man. of textile-, leatherproducts 89.6 895 91 206 986 1,101
16-18 Man. wood en paperprod., printing 80.7 2,979 155 904 3,134 3,883
16 Manufacture of wood products 72.9 848 96 447 944 1,295
17 Manufacture of paper 80.4 1,387 2 340 1,389 1,727
18 Printing and reproduction 93.0 744 57 117 801 861
19 Manufacture of coke and petroleum 82.0 705 0 155 705 860
20-21 Chemistry and pharmaceuticals 52.0 7,029 945 8,310 7,974 15,339
20 Manufacture of chemicals 93.2 5,151 3 378 5,154 5,529
21 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals 28.7 1,878 942 7,932 2,820 9,810
22-23 Man. plastics and constructionprod 75.2 3,825 63 1,348 3,888 5,173
22 Manufacture rubber, plastic products 74.5 2,282 22 811 2,304 3,093
23 Manufacture of building materials 76.2 1,543 41 537 1,584 2,080
24-25 Man. of basic metals and -products 76.4 7,338 580 3,026 7,918 10,364
24 Manufacture of basic metals 106.2 1,688 10 -89 1,698 1,599
25 Manufacture of metal products 71.0 5,650 570 3,115 6,220 8,765
26-27 Elektrical and electron. Industry 53.7 4,832 26 4,211 4,858 9,043
26 Manufacture of electronic products 48.8 2,698 10 2,848 2,708 5,546
27 Manufacture of electric equipment 61.5 2,134 16 1,363 2,150 3,497
28 Manufacture of machinery n.e.c. 43.7 9,355 51 12,157 9,406 21,512
29-30 Transport equipment 95.8 3,302 45 191 3,347 3,493
29 Manufacture of cars and trailers 106.4 1,805 8 -101 1,813 1,704
30 Manufacture of other transport 85.7 1,497 37 292 1,534 1,789
31-33 Other manufacturing and repair 76.1 5,434 1,051 3,083 6,485 8,517
31-32 Man. of furniture and other prods. 87.1 2,136 464 848 2,600 2,984
33 Repair and installation of machinery 70.2 3,298 587 2,235 3,885 5,533
D Energy supply 51.7 3,697 1,597 6,551 5,294 10,248
35 Energy supply 51.7 3,697 1,597 6,551 5,294 10,248
E Water supply and waste management 65.6 2,845 34 1,544 2,879 4,389
36 Water collection and distribution 84.3 494 0 92 494 586
37-39 Sewerage and waste treatment 62.7 2,351 34 1,452 2,385 3,803
F Construction 75.8 24,835 12,741 24,766 37,576 49,601
41 Construction buildings, development 74.7 7,405 5,104 9,346 12,509 16,751
42 Civil engineering 73.8 4,350 584 2,334 4,934 6,684
43 Specialised construction activities 76.9 13,080 7,053 13,086 20,133 26,166
G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 65.7 102,663 17,753 80,645 120,416 183,308
G Wholesale and retail trade 61.4 65,316 10,516 58,147 75,832 123,463
45 Sale and repair of motor vehicles 72.0 6,733 1,465 4,661 8,198 11,394
46 Wholesale trade (no motor vehicles) 55.2 37,266 4,460 38,261 41,726 75,527
47 Retail trade (not in motor vehicles) 70.9 21,317 4,591 15,225 25,908 36,542
H Transportation and storage 70.4 25,997 2,234 14,116 28,231 40,113
49 Land transport 77.1 10,919 1,214 4,821 12,133 15,740
50 Water transport 40.3 1,279 429 2,954 1,708 4,233
51 Air transport 102.9 2,889 0 -81 2,889 2,808
52 Warehousing, services for transport 62.2 8,742 354 5,890 9,096 14,632
53 Postal and courier activities 89.1 2,168 237 532 2,405 2,700
I Accommodation and food serving 82.9 11,350 5,003 8,382 16,353 19,732
J Information and communication 78.6 29,180 3,483 12,360 32,663 41,540
58-60 Publishing, movie, radio and TV 67.3 3,238 586 2,442 3,824 5,680
58 Publishing 65.6 1,629 43 919 1,672 2,548
59-60 Movies, TV and radio 68.7 1,609 543 1,523 2,152 3,132
61 Telecommunications 56.0 2,382 3 1,880 2,385 4,262
62-63 IT- and information services 83.7 23,560 2,894 8,038 26,454 31,598
K Financial institutions 57.7 23,873 517 18,392 24,390 42,265
64 Financial institutions, no insurance 54.7 11,973 0 9,906 11,973 21,879
65 Insurance and pension funding 47.6 4,135 0 4,552 4,135 8,687
66 Other financial services 70.8 7,765 517 3,934 8,282 11,699
L Renting, buying, selling real estate 4.1 5,186 -3,852 27,460 1,334 32,646
68 Renting, buying, selling real estate 4.1 5,186 -3,852 27,460 1,334 32,646
M-N Business services 73.4 92,784 18,337 58,699 111,121 151,483
M Other specialised business services 74.9 53,177 13,040 35,245 66,217 88,422
69-71 Management, technical consultancy 72.6 33,912 7,832 23,612 41,744 57,524
69-70 Legal and management consultancy 72.6 33,912 7,832 23,612 41,744 57,524
71 Architects, technical services etc. 83.0 10,003 1,947 4,397 11,950 14,400
72 Research and development 68.9 4,040 131 2,012 4,171 6,052
73-75 Advertising, design and other 80.0 5,222 3,130 5,224 8,352 10,446
73 Advertising and market research 81.5 2,874 852 1,697 3,726 4,571
74-75 Other specialised services 78.7 2,348 2,278 3,527 4,626 5,875
N Renting and other business support 71.2 39,607 5,297 23,454 44,904 63,061
77 Renting and leasing of tangible goods 39.4 2,767 186 4,724 2,953 7,491
78 Employment activities 87.5 25,073 445 4,098 25,518 29,171
79 Travel agencies, tour operators etc 24.9 2,279 134 7,423 2,413 9,702
80-82 Security, other business services 84.0 9,488 4,532 7,209 14,020 16,697
O-Q Government and care 99.2 165,295 14,551 16,076 179,846 181,371
O Public administration and services 100.0 53,528 0 -1 53,528 53,527
84 Public administration and services 100.0 53,528 0 -1 53,528 53,527
P Education 100.2 38,060 2,954 2,878 41,014 40,938
85 Education 100.2 38,060 2,954 2,878 41,014 40,938
Q Health and social work activities 98.2 73,707 11,597 13,199 85,304 86,906
86 Human health activities 100.1 36,523 8,475 8,417 44,998 44,940
87-88 Care and social work 96.0 37,184 3,122 4,782 40,306 41,966
R-U Culture, recreation, other services 87.9 13,890 6,033 8,767 19,923 22,657
R Culture, sports and recreation 76.0 6,116 2,329 4,993 8,445 11,109
90-92 Arts, culture and lotteries 65.6 3,202 1,751 4,350 4,953 7,552
93 Sports and recreation 98.2 2,914 578 643 3,492 3,557
S Other service activities 99.3 6,543 3,704 3,774 10,247 10,317
94 Membership organisations 99.0 4,468 12 59 4,480 4,527
95 Repair computers and consumergoods 84.0 220 248 337 468 557
96 Other personal services 101.3 1,855 3,444 3,378 5,299 5,233
T Activities of households 100.0 1,231 0 0 1,231 1,231
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Table explanation


This table presents data on the labour income share and the components used to calculate it. The labour income share is a measure of the distribution of earned income between providers of labour (employees and the self-employed) and providers of capital.

Data available from: 1995.

Status of the figures:
Data from 1995 up to and including 2022 are final. Data of 2023 and 2024 are provisional. The labour income share is based on data from the system of supply and use tables and the Sector accounts. Because the Sector accounts are revised annually, definitive figures can be subject to changes.

Changes as of July 28th 2025:
Data of 2024 have been added to this table. Furthermore, the amount of economic activities in this table has been extended from Eurostat's A21 to A64.

When will new figures be published?
Provisional data are published 6 months after the end of the reporting year. Final data are released 18 months after the end of the reporting year.

Description topics

Labour income share
The share of compensation of labor (employees and self-employed) in the total earned income of a country.
Compensation of employees
The total compensation, in cash or in kind, due by an employer to an employee for the work performed during a reporting period. The compensation of employees is equal to the total of wages and social contributions at the expense of employers.
Imputed labour income
Imputed labour income by self-employed and family workers.
Net operating surplus
The surplus that remains after compensation of employees and taxes less subsidies on production and imports have been subtracted from the sum of value added at basic prices. For the self-employed (who are part of the sector households) the surplus is called mixed income, it is partly a reward for their entrepreneurship compensation for their labour.
Remuneration of labour
Remuneration of labour and capital