Energy balance sheet; supply, transformation and consumption
Explanation of symbols
Table description
This table shows the supply, transformation and the consumption of energy in a balance sheet. Energy is released - among other things - during the combustion of for example natural gas, petroleum, hard coal and biofuels. Energy can also be obtained from electricity or heat, or extracted from natural resources, e.g. wind or solar energy. In energy statistics all these sources of energy are known as energy commodities.
The supply side of the balance sheet includes indigenous production of energy, net imports and exports and net stock changes. This is mentioned primary energy supply, because this is the amount of energy available for transformation or consumption in the country.
For energy transformation, the table gives figures on the transformation input (amount of energy used to make other energy commodities), the transformation output (amount of energy made from other energy commodities) and net energy transformation. The latter is the amount of energy lost during the transformation of energy commodities.
Then the energy balance sheet shows the final consumption of energy. First, it refers to the own use of the energy sector and distribution losses. After deduction of these amounts remains the final consumption of energy customers. This comprises the final energy consumption and non-energy use. The final energy consumption is the energy consumers utilize for energy purposes. It is specified for successively industry, transport and other customers, broken down into various sub-sectors. The last form of energy is the non-energy use. This is the use of an energy commodity for a product that is not energy.
Data available:
From 1946.
Status of the figures:
All figures up to and including 2017 are definite. Figures of 2018 and 2019 are revised provisional.
Changes as of 16 July 2020:
Figures of 2019 have been adjusted.
Changes as of 18 June 2020:
Revised provisional figures of 2019 have been added.
Changes as of 13 December 2019:
In December 2019 the Energy balance has been revised and corrected, concerning the following items:
The Energy balance from 1990 onwards has been revised. The revision of final energy consumption in the residential sector concerns the consumption of biomass in households, which is about 2 PJ lower in 2014-2016. For older yeaers the adaptations are less than 1 PJ. Thes adaptations also affect primary production, total energy consumption and higher aggregates that contain biomassa and the residential sector.
Reason for the revision is the new calibration of the model of TNO that delivers the data for biomassa in households. The calibration of the model has been renewed, because new survey results (WoON) on biomass consumption by houesholds has become available. Furthermore, for 2015 and 2016 an error in the data for final electricity consumption in the chemical industry has been repaired. Consequently, this consumption is now about 2 PJ less. Also this adaptation affects higher aggregates.
Definite figures of 2017 and revised provisional figures of 2018 have been added.
Changes as of 10 September 2019:
Symbol of Wind energy on shore for period 1990 up to and including 2005 have been changed, a '.' is replaced with an 'empty cell' which means in this table nill. Symbol of natural gas for period 1948 up to and including 1951 have been changed, an 'empty cell' is replaced with a '.'.
When will new figures be published?
Provisionalfigures: April of the following year.
Revised provisional figures: June/July of the following year.
Definite figures: December of the second following year.
Description topics
- Energy supply
- The amount of energy primarily available for consumption in the Netherlands.
- Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES)
- The amount of energy primarily available for consumption in the Netherlands (imports plus indigenous production and withdrawal from stocks) minus the amount which is not available for consumption (exports and bunkers).
- Indigenous production
- Extraction of energy commodities from nature.
Fossil energy commodities - coal, oil and natural gas - are extracted from the earth. Renewable commodities include wind energy and biomass. Other commodities include, for example, nuclear energy and energy from waste.
- Imports
- Imports of energy commodities.
- Exports
- Exports of energy commodities.
- Net imports
- Imports minus exports.
- Bunkers
- Delivery of fuels for international shipping and aviation, i.e. ships and aircraft departing from Dutch (air)ports and arriving in foreign (air)ports. In the energy balance sheet bunkers are considered as a form of export and are not included in energy available for consumption in the Netherlands.
Bunkers by sector are not known.
- Stock change
- Changes in stock are calculated as opening stock minus closing stock, in accordance with international energy statistics guidelines. A positive figure means that stocks have decreased, and the supply of energy has thus increased. A negative figure means the opposite: an increase in stocks and a decrease in consumption.
- Statistical differences
- The difference between the energy sypply and energy consumption of an energy commodity.
This difference arises because the figures on supply and consumption come from different sources
For many energy commodities, the difference is allocated to supply or consumption. Then this statistical difference is nil. - Total energy consumption
- The amount of energy used by companies, households and transport in the Netherlands. Energy can be used
- for transformation into other energy commodities, this is input minus the energy produced.
- as final consumption.
Total energy consumption =
Total net energy transformation + total own use energy sector + distribution losses + total final consumption - Energy transformation
- Transformation of one energy commodity into another. This may be a transformation from a fuel into heat or power. It may also be a physical processing of one fuel into another, like the transformation of crude oil into motor gasoline.
- Energy transformation input
- Total energy transformation input
- The amount of energy used to produce other energy commodities. This may be a transformation from a fuel into heat or power. It may also be a physical processing of one fuel into another, like the transformation of crude oil into motor gasoline.
Total energy transformation input is the sum of:
- Electricity and CHP transformation input
- Other transformation input.
- Electricity and CHP transformation input
- The amount of energy used for the production of
- electricity only,
- electricity and useful heat, also known as combined heat and power (CHP). Heat is in the form of steam or warm water.
- Other transformation input
- The amount of energy used for the production of:
- fuel from another fuel, e.g. use of crude oil as feedstock for the production of petroleum products, like motor gasoline.
- heat only, i.e. at companies supplying heat to another company. Heat has the form of steam or warm water.
- Energy transformation output
- Total energy transformation output
- The amount of energy transformed from another energy commodity. This may be heat or power made from another fuel. It may also be the production of a fuel by a physical processing of another fuel, e.g. production of motor gasoline from crude oil.
Total energy transformation output is the sum of:
- Electricity/CHP transformation output
- Other transformation output
- Electricity/CHP transformation output
- The production of heat and power through electricity and CHP transformation.
Includes production of:
- electricity only
- electricity and useful heat combined, also known as combined heat and power (CHP). Heat has the form of steam or warm water.
- Other transformation output
- The production of energy from other transformations.
Includes:
- coal and oil products made from other fuels, e.g. production of petroleum products like motor gasoline from crude oil.
- heat of companies supplying heat to another company. Heat has the form of steam or warm water.
Excludes heat from CHP.
- Net energy transformation
- Total net energy transformation
- The difference between transformation input and transformation output.
Total net energy transformation is the sum of:
- Net electricity/CHP transformation
- Net other transformation.
For primary energy commodities, like natural gas and coal, net transformation is always positive. For secondary energy commodities, like electricity or gasoline it is always negative. Obviously, the output for these commodities is higher than the input. For the total of energy commodities, this is the amount of energy lost during the transformation of energy commodities.
- Net electricity/CHP transformation
- Input minus output of energy transformation into:
- electricity only,
- electricity and useful heat, also known as combined heat and power (CHP). Heat has the form of steam or warm water.
For primary energy commodities, like natural gas and coal, net transformation is always positive. For secondary energy commodities, like electricity or gasoline it is always negative. Obviously, the output for these commodities is higher than the input. For the total of energy commodities, this is the amount of energy lost during the transformation of energy commodities.
- Net other transformation
- Input minus output of energy transformation into:
- another fuel, e.g. production of coal and petroleum products.
- heat only, i.e. at companies supplying heat to another company. Excludes use for CHP transformation.
For primary energy commodities, like natural gas and coal, net transformation is always positive. For secondary energy commodities, like electricity or motor gasoline it is always negative. Obviously, the output for these commodities is higher than the input. For the total of energy commodities, this is the amount of energy lost during the transformation of energy commodities.
- Energy sector own use
- Own use of the energy sector in the Netherlands.
- Total
- This category is made up of the categories:
- Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas
- Coke-oven plants
- Oil refineries
- Total energy companies
- Extraction of crude petroleum and gas
- This category is made up of:
- extraction of crude petroleum
- extraction of natural gas
- support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction
- Coke-oven plants
- Manufacture of coke oven products, like cokes and coke-oven gas.
- Oil refineries
- Manufacture of refined petroleum products
- Total energy companies
- Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply.
- Distribution losses
- Distribution losses of electricity and heat.
For electricity includes losses in energy distribution, transmission and transport. - Final consumption
- Total final consumption
- Total final consumption is the sum of:
- Final energy consumption
- Non-energy use
- Final energy consumption
- Final consumption of energy. No useful energy commodity remains.
Examples are the combustion of natural gas in boilers, household electricity consumption and the consumption of motor fuels for transport.- Total
- This category is made up of the categories:
- Industry (excluding the energy sector)
- Transport
- Other sectors
- Industry (excluding the energy sector)
- Companies in the sector industry (excluding the energy sector) in the Netherlands.
The sector industry is companies in mining and quarrying, manufacturing and construction.
Excludes transport outside own premises.- Total
- This category is made up of the categories:
- Iron and steel
- Chemical and petrochemical
- Non-ferrous metals
- Non-metallic minerals
- Transport equipment
- Machinery
- Mining and quarrying
- Food and tobacco
- Paper, pulp and printing
- Wood and wood products
- Construction
- Textile and leather
- Non-specified
- Iron and steel
- This category is made up of the categories:
241 Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys
242 Manufacture of tubes, pipes, hollow profiles and related fittings of steel
243 Other first processing of steal
2451 Casting of iron
2452 Casting of steel
- Chemical and petrochemical
- Manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals
This category is made up of the categories:
20 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
21 Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations
- Non-ferrous metals
- This category is made up of the categories:
244 Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals
2453 Casting of light metals
2454 Casting of other non-ferrous metals
- Non-metallic minerals
- Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products.
- Transport equipment
- Manufacture of transport equipment
This category is made up of the categories:
29 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
30 Manufacture of other transport equipment
- Machinery
- This category is made up of the categories:
25 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
26 Manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products
27 Manufacture of electrical equipment
28 Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.
- Mining and quarrying
- Includes 099 support activities for other mining and quarrying.
- Food and tobacco
- Manufacture of food products, beverages and tobacco
This category is made up of the categories:
10 Manufacture of food products
11 Manufacture of beverages
12 Manufacture of tobacco products
- Paper, pulp and printing
- Manufacture of paper and paper products; printing and reproduction
This category is made up of the categories:
17 Manufacture of paper and paper products
18 Printing and reproduction of recorded media
- Wood and wood products
- Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials
- Construction
- Including mobile equipment on own premises. Excludes transport on public road.
- Textile and leather
- Manufacture of textiles and textile products and of leather and leather products
This category is made up of the categories:
13 Manufacture of textile
14 Manufacture of wearing apparel
15 Manufacture of leather, products of leather and footwear
- Other industry and non-specified
- Industry (excluding the energy sector) non-specified.
- Transport
- All passenger and freight transport by rail, road, water and air.
Excludes transport on own premises, fishing, agriculture and mobile equipment.- Total
- This category is made up of the categories:
- Domestic aviation
- Road transport
- Rail transport
- Pipeline transport
- Domestic navigation
- Non-specified
- Domestic aviation
- All domestic passenger and freight air transport departing from and arriving on Dutch airports.
- Road transport
- All passenger and freight transport on public roads by car, auto bus, goods vehicle, motorcycle, moped, etc.
Excludes transport on own premises and consumption of mobile equipment, such as tractors and mobile machinery for agriculture/construction (which typically do not operate on public roads).
- Rail transport
- All passenger and freight transport by rail, like train, tram and metro. Excludes transport on own premises.
Trolley buses are included in road transport.
- Pipeline transport
- All freight transport by pipeline.
- All domestic passenger and freight water transport, inland waterway, maritime and coastal shipping departing from and arriving in Dutch ports. Includes work on sea, like dredging, construction and maintenance of offshore rigs and off shore wind turbines.
Does not include fishing.
- Non-specified
- Transport non-specified.
- Other sectors
- Services, households, agriculture, fishing and non-specified.
Excludes transport outside own premises.- Total
- This category is made up of the categories:
- Services, waste, water and repair
- Dwellings
- Agriculture
- Fishing
- Non-specified
- Services, waste, water and repair
- Commercial and non-commercial services. Includes water supply, waste management and repair.
- Dwellings
- A collection of one or more people sharing the same living space, who provide their own everyday needs in a private, non-commercial way.
Excludes transport.
- Agriculture
- Agriculture. Includes agricultural services.
- Fishing
- Fuel bought in the Netherlands by Dutch and foreign fishermen.
- Non-specified
- Other sectors non-specified.
- Non-energy use
- Use of an energy commodity for a product that is not energy. The energy used for the production process remains in the product. E.g. use of oil for the production of plastics, or natural gas for fertilisers.
- Total
- This category is made up of the categories:
- Industry (excluding the energy sector)
- Transport
- Other sectors
- Industry (excluding the energy sector)
- Companies in the sector industry (excluding the energy sector) in the Netherlands.
The sector industry is companies in mining and quarrying, manufacturing and construction.
Excludes transport outside own premises.
- Of which chemistry and pharmaceuticals
- Manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals
This category is made up of the categories:
20 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
21 Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations
- Transport
- All passenger and freight transport by rail, road, water and air.
Excludes transport on own premises, fishing, agriculture and mobile equipment.
- Other sectors
- Final non-energy consumption of services, households, agriculture, fishing and other.
Excludes transport outside own premises.
Natural gas, non-energy use
To cope with differences in demand for natural gas in summer and winter there is a need for storage of natural gas.
An empty gas field could be adapted to be used as underground storage for natural gas (UGS). For this purpose a certain pressure is needed to facilitate quick extraction of stored natural gas.
The natural gas that has been injected in the empty field to raise the pressure is called cushion gas. This cushion gas is not part of natural gas as stocks, because it stays in the storage during the entire life time of the UGS.
The amount of natural gas injected in the field to be used as cushion gas is reflected in the energy balance sheet as part of non-energy use of natural gas.