Employment; sex; type of employment contract, size of company, SIC2008

Employment; sex; type of employment contract, size of company, SIC2008

Sex of employee Type of employment contract Size of company Industry classes / branches (SIC2008) Periods Employment Jobs (x 1 000) Employment Labour volume (x 1 000) Wage per job Hourly wage (euro) Wage per job Monthly wages Monthly wage including overtime (euro) Wage per job Monthly wages Monthly wage excluding overtime (euro) Wage per job Yearly wage Yearly wage including bonuses (euro) Wage per job Yearly wage Yearly wage excluding special payments (euro) Wage per job Yearly wage Bonuses and allowances (euro) Wage per job Yearly wage Additional tax liability for company car (euro) Working hours Per job per week including overtime (hour) Working hours Per job per week excluding overtime (hour) Working hours Per job per year (hour) Working hours Per working year (hour)
Total male and female Total Total E Water supply and waste management 2025 41 38 29.63 4,221 4,067 58,740 50,650 8,080 740 37.7 36.4 1,647 1,796
Total male and female Total Total G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 2,385 1,614 25.05 2,556 2,509 34,970 30,670 4,300 590 26.8 26.4 1,202 1,776
Total male and female Total Total H Transportation and storage 2025 417 347 28.88 3,773 3,580 51,600 45,270 6,330 510 34.3 32.7 1,488 1,786
Total male and female Total 0 to 9 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 2 2 28.87 3,696 3,639 47,840 44,360 3,480 1,350 33.5 33.0 1,513 1,842
Total male and female Total 0 to 9 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 465 278 23.45 2,101 2,084 27,260 25,210 2,040 660 23.5 23.3 1,066 1,785
Total male and female Total 0 to 9 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 36 26 26.13 3,058 2,905 39,820 36,690 3,130 990 30.6 29.2 1,334 1,833
Total male and female Total 10 to 99 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 8 8 27.77 4,039 3,812 55,410 48,470 6,940 970 38.0 36.1 1,647 1,831
Total male and female Total 10 to 99 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 779 536 24.14 2,537 2,474 34,370 30,440 3,930 660 27.5 26.9 1,230 1,785
Total male and female Total 10 to 99 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 100 84 25.55 3,625 3,275 48,490 43,500 4,980 590 36.8 33.7 1,538 1,834
Total male and female Total 100 or more employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 31 29 30.18 4,303 4,162 60,320 51,640 8,680 640 37.9 36.7 1,655 1,784
Total male and female Total 100 or more employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 1,142 800 26.23 2,753 2,705 38,510 33,040 5,470 520 27.6 27.2 1,238 1,767
Total male and female Total 100 or more employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 280 237 30.43 3,917 3,776 54,220 47,000 7,220 420 33.9 32.8 1,489 1,764
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time Total E Water supply and waste management 2025 13 9 30.41 3,301 3,247 45,900 39,610 6,290 360 29.0 28.5 1,281 1,747
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time Total G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 1,435 664 20.32 1,370 1,360 18,110 16,440 1,670 150 17.7 17.6 803 1,736
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time Total H Transportation and storage 2025 163 93 27.32 2,326 2,273 31,380 27,910 3,470 160 22.4 22.0 998 1,747
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time 0 to 9 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 1 0 27.57 2,260 2,246 30,540 27,120 3,420 760 21.5 21.4 977 1,801
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time 0 to 9 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 317 129 19.34 1,165 1,161 14,970 13,980 1,000 220 15.8 15.8 720 1,762
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time 0 to 9 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 18 8 22.87 1,560 1,536 20,270 18,720 1,550 430 17.9 17.7 806 1,811
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time 10 to 99 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 2 2 27.62 2,696 2,640 36,140 32,360 3,780 440 25.7 25.2 1,147 1,777
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time 10 to 99 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 453 211 19.87 1,356 1,345 17,780 16,270 1,510 170 17.9 17.8 812 1,745
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time 10 to 99 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 35 19 23.43 1,979 1,905 26,270 23,750 2,520 240 22.0 21.4 976 1,802
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time 100 or more employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 10 7 31.16 3,530 3,474 49,490 42,360 7,130 310 30.3 29.9 1,338 1,738
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time 100 or more employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 665 323 21.02 1,478 1,465 19,840 17,740 2,090 100 18.5 18.4 836 1,720
Total male and female Type of employment contract: part-time 100 or more employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 110 66 29.05 2,560 2,509 34,800 30,720 4,080 100 23.2 22.8 1,037 1,723
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time Total E Water supply and waste management 2025 28 28 29.38 4,637 4,437 64,530 55,640 8,890 910 41.7 40.0 1,812 1,812
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time Total G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 950 950 28.23 4,346 4,244 60,430 52,160 8,270 1,260 40.4 39.5 1,804 1,804
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time Total H Transportation and storage 2025 254 254 29.43 4,699 4,417 64,550 56,380 8,160 730 42.0 39.6 1,801 1,801
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time 0 to 9 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 1 1 29.31 4,620 4,534 58,950 55,440 3,520 1,730 41.2 40.5 1,857 1,857
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time 0 to 9 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 148 148 26.95 4,102 4,055 53,510 49,230 4,290 1,590 39.9 39.5 1,805 1,805
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time 0 to 9 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 18 18 27.50 4,500 4,223 58,650 54,000 4,660 1,520 42.8 40.3 1,843 1,843
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time 10 to 99 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 6 6 27.81 4,570 4,276 63,030 54,840 8,190 1,180 42.9 40.3 1,845 1,845
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time 10 to 99 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 325 325 26.81 4,184 4,048 57,510 50,210 7,300 1,330 40.9 39.7 1,812 1,812
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time 10 to 99 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 65 65 26.16 4,517 4,017 60,530 54,210 6,320 780 44.8 40.4 1,843 1,843
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time 100 or more employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 21 21 29.84 4,656 4,477 65,260 55,880 9,380 790 41.4 39.8 1,800 1,800
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time 100 or more employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 477 477 29.60 4,532 4,436 64,570 54,390 10,180 1,100 40.2 39.4 1,799 1,799
Total male and female Type of employment contract: full-time 100 or more employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 171 171 30.94 4,789 4,591 66,710 57,470 9,240 630 40.8 39.2 1,780 1,780
Male Total Total E Water supply and waste management 2025 33 31 29.60 4,397 4,210 61,200 52,760 8,440 800 39.3 37.7 1,707 1,803
Male Total Total G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 1,356 1,017 26.88 3,080 3,004 42,420 36,960 5,460 860 30.1 29.4 1,341 1,789
Male Total Total H Transportation and storage 2025 312 267 29.46 4,024 3,778 55,050 48,290 6,760 570 35.9 33.8 1,539 1,793
Male Total 0 to 9 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 1 1 29.32 4,073 4,000 52,710 48,880 3,840 1,460 36.4 35.7 1,637 1,850
Male Total 0 to 9 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 264 180 25.15 2,587 2,559 33,630 31,040 2,580 940 27.0 26.7 1,221 1,794
Male Total 0 to 9 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 29 22 26.35 3,216 3,032 41,890 38,600 3,300 1,000 31.9 30.2 1,381 1,836
Male Total 10 to 99 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 7 6 27.98 4,253 3,986 58,590 51,040 7,560 1,060 39.7 37.4 1,710 1,838
Male Total 10 to 99 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 457 348 25.66 3,032 2,929 41,350 36,380 4,970 940 30.9 30.0 1,370 1,799
Male Total 10 to 99 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 82 70 25.76 3,813 3,393 50,930 45,750 5,180 620 38.4 34.6 1,581 1,837
Male Total 100 or more employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 24 23 30.07 4,456 4,286 62,440 53,480 8,960 690 39.4 37.9 1,711 1,791
Male Total 100 or more employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 636 489 28.39 3,320 3,242 46,850 39,840 7,010 770 30.7 30.1 1,370 1,779
Male Total 100 or more employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 202 176 31.39 4,225 4,039 58,590 50,700 7,890 490 35.5 34.0 1,544 1,771
Male Type of employment contract: part-time Total E Water supply and waste management 2025 7 5 31.20 3,512 3,430 49,010 42,140 6,870 390 30.1 29.4 1,319 1,751
Male Type of employment contract: part-time Total G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 616 277 21.20 1,401 1,382 18,570 16,810 1,770 200 17.3 17.2 782 1,742
Male Type of employment contract: part-time Total H Transportation and storage 2025 99 55 28.29 2,372 2,294 31,940 28,470 3,470 150 22.0 21.4 973 1,753
Male Type of employment contract: part-time 0 to 9 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0
Male Type of employment contract: part-time 0 to 9 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 142 58 19.96 1,205 1,200 15,490 14,470 1,020 280 15.9 15.8 721 1,768
Male Type of employment contract: part-time 0 to 9 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 13 5 22.37 1,502 1,472 19,480 18,020 1,450 320 17.6 17.3 789 1,813
Male Type of employment contract: part-time 10 to 99 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 1 1 28.48 2,801 2,719 37,860 33,620 4,240 470 25.9 25.2 1,146 1,778
Male Type of employment contract: part-time 10 to 99 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 197 88 20.07 1,332 1,313 17,500 15,980 1,520 220 17.4 17.2 785 1,753
Male Type of employment contract: part-time 10 to 99 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 23 12 23.09 1,892 1,789 25,060 22,700 2,360 200 21.3 20.4 930 1,803
Male Type of employment contract: part-time 100 or more employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 5 4 31.90 3,763 3,678 52,840 45,160 7,680 340 31.6 31.0 1,383 1,742
Male Type of employment contract: part-time 100 or more employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 276 130 22.55 1,550 1,526 20,930 18,600 2,320 130 18.0 17.9 812 1,723
Male Type of employment contract: part-time 100 or more employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 63 38 30.94 2,722 2,644 36,940 32,670 4,280 100 23.1 22.6 1,025 1,728
Male Type of employment contract: full-time Total E Water supply and waste management 2025 26 26 29.27 4,641 4,426 64,570 55,700 8,870 920 41.8 40.0 1,814 1,814
Male Type of employment contract: full-time Total G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 740 740 28.93 4,479 4,353 62,280 53,740 8,540 1,410 40.7 39.6 1,806 1,806
Male Type of employment contract: full-time Total H Transportation and storage 2025 212 212 29.75 4,798 4,473 65,880 57,580 8,300 770 42.4 39.6 1,804 1,804
Male Type of employment contract: full-time 0 to 9 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 1 1 29.41 4,652 4,559 59,280 55,820 3,460 1,720 41.4 40.5 1,860 1,860
Male Type of employment contract: full-time 0 to 9 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 122 122 27.58 4,206 4,151 54,880 50,470 4,400 1,710 40.0 39.5 1,806 1,806
Male Type of employment contract: full-time 0 to 9 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 16 16 27.69 4,559 4,255 59,450 54,710 4,740 1,530 43.1 40.3 1,844 1,844
Male Type of employment contract: full-time 10 to 99 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 6 6 27.90 4,607 4,295 63,650 55,290 8,360 1,200 43.0 40.4 1,847 1,847
Male Type of employment contract: full-time 10 to 99 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 259 259 27.51 4,325 4,160 59,490 51,900 7,590 1,490 41.2 39.7 1,815 1,815
Male Type of employment contract: full-time 10 to 99 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 58 58 26.30 4,587 4,040 61,360 55,050 6,310 790 45.2 40.4 1,844 1,844
Male Type of employment contract: full-time 100 or more employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 19 19 29.67 4,651 4,457 65,130 55,810 9,320 790 41.5 39.9 1,802 1,802
Male Type of employment contract: full-time 100 or more employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 359 359 30.41 4,682 4,562 66,790 56,180 10,610 1,260 40.5 39.5 1,800 1,800
Male Type of employment contract: full-time 100 or more employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 138 138 31.51 4,915 4,680 68,530 58,980 9,550 680 41.2 39.2 1,783 1,783
Female Total Total E Water supply and waste management 2025 8 7 29.80 3,525 3,497 48,960 42,300 6,660 480 31.5 31.2 1,408 1,760
Female Total Total G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 1,029 597 21.87 1,864 1,856 25,140 22,370 2,770 240 22.4 22.3 1,018 1,755
Female Total Total H Transportation and storage 2025 105 79 26.89 3,025 2,994 41,350 36,300 5,050 320 29.7 29.4 1,336 1,763
Female Total 0 to 9 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0
Female Total 0 to 9 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 201 98 20.29 1,463 1,459 18,900 17,550 1,340 290 18.9 18.9 863 1,768
Female Total 0 to 9 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 7 5 25.04 2,422 2,394 31,530 29,060 2,460 930 25.4 25.1 1,148 1,821
Female Total 10 to 99 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 1 1 26.56 3,036 3,000 40,490 36,430 4,060 550 30.0 29.7 1,356 1,794
Female Total 10 to 99 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 322 189 21.26 1,836 1,827 24,480 22,030 2,450 260 22.7 22.6 1,031 1,761
Female Total 10 to 99 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 19 14 24.52 2,815 2,764 37,940 33,780 4,160 450 30.1 29.6 1,353 1,818
Female Total 100 or more employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 6 5 30.68 3,713 3,685 52,130 44,550 7,580 420 32.3 32.1 1,442 1,751
Female Total 100 or more employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 506 311 22.75 2,042 2,032 28,040 24,500 3,540 200 23.6 23.5 1,072 1,747
Female Total 100 or more employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 79 61 27.60 3,130 3,103 43,060 37,560 5,500 240 29.9 29.7 1,349 1,746
Female Type of employment contract: part-time Total E Water supply and waste management 2025 6 4 29.35 3,036 3,017 42,000 36,430 5,570 330 27.6 27.5 1,234 1,743
Female Type of employment contract: part-time Total G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 819 387 19.69 1,348 1,343 17,770 16,170 1,600 120 18.0 18.0 819 1,732
Female Type of employment contract: part-time Total H Transportation and storage 2025 63 38 25.88 2,252 2,240 30,500 27,030 3,470 190 23.0 22.9 1,039 1,737
Female Type of employment contract: part-time 0 to 9 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0
Female Type of employment contract: part-time 0 to 9 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 174 71 18.83 1,131 1,129 14,550 13,580 970 170 15.8 15.8 719 1,756
Female Type of employment contract: part-time 0 to 9 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 5 2 24.06 1,707 1,700 22,270 20,490 1,780 710 18.6 18.6 848 1,808
Female Type of employment contract: part-time 10 to 99 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 1 1 26.47 2,557 2,535 33,860 30,680 3,180 390 25.4 25.2 1,149 1,776
Female Type of employment contract: part-time 10 to 99 employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 256 123 19.72 1,374 1,370 18,000 16,490 1,510 140 18.3 18.3 834 1,739
Female Type of employment contract: part-time 10 to 99 employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 12 7 24.00 2,151 2,134 28,660 25,810 2,850 310 23.5 23.4 1,067 1,801
Female Type of employment contract: part-time 100 or more employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 4 3 30.16 3,239 3,221 45,310 38,870 6,440 280 28.8 28.6 1,281 1,733
Female Type of employment contract: part-time 100 or more employed persons G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 389 193 19.99 1,427 1,422 19,060 17,130 1,930 80 18.8 18.8 853 1,718
Female Type of employment contract: part-time 100 or more employed persons H Transportation and storage 2025 46 28 26.52 2,337 2,325 31,850 28,040 3,810 100 23.3 23.2 1,052 1,716
Female Type of employment contract: full-time Total E Water supply and waste management 2025 3 3 30.48 4,590 4,541 64,120 55,080 9,040 810 39.8 39.4 1,788 1,788
Female Type of employment contract: full-time Total G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering 2025 210 210 25.76 3,880 3,858 53,910 46,560 7,350 710 39.5 39.3 1,797 1,797
Female Type of employment contract: full-time Total H Transportation and storage 2025 42 42 27.78 4,193 4,134 57,760 50,310 7,450 530 39.8 39.2 1,786 1,786
Female Type of employment contract: full-time 0 to 9 employed persons E Water supply and waste management 2025 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Table explanation


This table comprises yearly figures on the main aspects of employment, wages and working hours in the Netherlands. The information in this table is broken down by sex of the employee, type of employment contract, size of enterprise and classification according to Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (SIC 2008)

Data available from: 2009.

Status of the figures:
Figures for the years 2009 to 2025 are final.

Changes as of 8 October 2026:
Provisional figures for 2025 are replaced by final figures.

When will new figures be published?
Provisional figures for 2026 will be published in May 2027.

Description topics

Employment
Jobs
A job is an explicit or implicit employment contract between a person and an economic unit, specifying that labour will be carried out in return for remuneration (financial or otherwise). An employed person may have more than one job at a time. In that case the person has a main job and a secondary job. Each job counts separately. For the calculation of the average number of jobs in a certain period the starting date and end date of a job is taking into account. The weekly working hours are left out of account. Two successive jobs both with a 6-month working period will always count as one job in the average number of jobs, regardless of whether these jobs are full-time or part-time.
Labour volume
The volume of labour input in the production process, in terms of hours worked or full-time equivalents. Part-time jobs are counted proportionally (excluding overtime, after deduction of the reduction in working hours).
Calculation of the average labour volume for a certain period is based on the starting date and end date of a job and the weekly working hours. Two successive jobs both with a 6-month working period will count as 1 working year in the yearly average labour volume if both jobs are full-time. If they are part-time jobs they will count for less than a year.
Wage per job
Hourly wage
The hourly wage are calculated by the sum of gross wage of all the jobs of employees of the related population divide by the sum of the corresponding working hours. These wages and hours are summed by subpopulation and period.

The agreed gross wage is the taxable salary excluding bonuses/allowances, overtime pay and additional tax for the company car.
The working hours are the hours paid for a job excluding overtime hours, holiday leave and public holidays. Leave in compensation for shorter working hours (ADV) is not recognized as working hours, so this is not included in the calculation.

Bonuses and allowances are occasional payments that are part of the gross wages such as holiday allowance, profit sharing and performance bonuses.
Monthly wages
The monthly wage is the agreed gross salary, excluding bonuses/allowances, but including the value according to tax of non-monetary remuneration liable to tax and paid overtime. The private tax benefits of a company car are not included. There is a difference between monthly wage including paid overtime and excluding paid overtime.
The average monthly wage in a year is determined by dividing the yearly wage sum by 12 times the average number of jobs in that year.

Monthly wage including overtime
The monthly wage including paid overtime.
Monthly wage excluding overtime
The monthly wage excluding paid overtime.
Yearly wage
Agreed gross salary including the value according to tax of non-monetary remuneration liable to tax and paid overtime. The private tax benefits of a company car are not included. The average yearly wage is determined by dividing the yearly wage sum by the average number of jobs in a year.
Yearly wage including bonuses
The yearly wage including bonuses and allowances, such as holiday allowance, profit sharing, performance bonuses etc.
Yearly wage excluding special payments
The yearly wage excluding bonuses and allowances, such as holiday allowance, profit sharing, performance bonuses etc.
Bonuses and allowances
Occasional payments that are part of the gross wages such as holiday allowance, profit sharing, performance bonuses etc.
These do not include contributions to wage savings schemes, compensation for dismissal, compensation for medical expenses and wages paid for overtime.
Additional tax liability for company car
Fixed value of private use of a company car minus extra payment by the employee for this use.

Working hours
The number of hours someone works in a normal or average working week. There is a distinction between weekly working hours and yearly working hours.
Weekly working hours are calculated by the average hours paid for a job divided by 52. The hours paid include hours leave, paid overtime hours and paid sick and study leave, but exclude reduction of working hours.
Also the weekly working hours without overtime is been determined. The yearly working hours of a job is the average hours paid for a job a year excluded overtime hours and leave hours through holiday, reduction of working hours and general recognized feast-days.
For the yearly working hours of a year of employment this yearly average is determined for a year of employment instead for a job.
Per job per week including overtime
Weekly working hours are calculated by the average hours paid for a job per year divided by 52. The hours paid include hours leave, paid overtime, and paid sick and study leave, but exclude reduction of working hours.
Per job per week excluding overtime
Weekly working hours are calculated by the average hours paid for a job per year divided by 52. The hours paid include hours leave and paid sick and study leave, but exclude reduction of working hours and paid overtime.

Per job per year
The yearly working hours of a job are the average hours paid for a job per year excluding overtime hours and holiday leave, leave as compensation for shorter working hours (ADV) and public holidays. For the yearly working hours in a year of employment this yearly average is calculated for a year of employment instead for a job.



Per working year
A working year is a measure for the labour volume calculated by converting all jobs (full-time and part-time) in a year to full-time equivalents (fte) by dividing the agreed working hours by the agreed working hours of a full-time job in a particular industry. The resulting full-time equivalents add up to working years. For example, two jobs of 0.5 fte add up to one working year.