Employment; jobs, wages, working hours, SIC2008; key figures

Employment; jobs, wages, working hours, SIC2008; key figures

Characteristics job / employee / company Industrial classes / branches (SIC2008) Periods Employment Jobs (x 1 000) Employment Labour volume (x 1 000) Wage per job Hourly wage (euro) Wage per job Monthly wages Monthly wage including overtime (euro) Wage per job Monthly wages Monthly wage excluding overtime (euro) Wage per job Yearly wage Yearly wage including bonuses (euro) Wage per job Yearly wage Yearly wage excluding special payments (euro) Wage per job Yearly wage Bonuses and allowances (euro) Wage per job Yearly wage Additional tax liability for company car (euro) Working hours Per job per week including overtime (hour) Working hours Per job per week excluding overtime (hour) Working hours Per job per year (hour) Working hours Per working year (hour)
Total A-U All economic activities 2009 7,820 5,925 20.02 2,225 2,195 30,650 26,710 3,940 510 29.1 28.8 1,315 1,736
Total A-U All economic activities 2010 after change of method 7,860 5,924 20.41 2,245 2,214 30,990 26,940 4,050 500 28.9 28.5 1,301 1,727
Total A-U All economic activities 2011 7,926 5,926 20.62 2,266 2,234 31,340 27,200 4,140 470 28.7 28.3 1,300 1,739
Total A-U All economic activities 2012 7,872 5,868 21.16 2,302 2,271 31,740 27,630 4,120 480 28.6 28.3 1,288 1,728
Total A-U All economic activities 2013 7,746 5,773 21.48 2,337 2,306 32,430 28,050 4,380 460 28.8 28.4 1,288 1,729
Total A-U All economic activities 2014 7,706 5,740 21.58 2,359 2,328 32,590 28,310 4,270 430 28.8 28.4 1,294 1,738
Total A-U All economic activities 2015 7,783 5,794 22.08 2,405 2,373 33,200 28,860 4,340 390 28.8 28.4 1,290 1,732
Total A-U All economic activities 2016 7,893 5,902 22.13 2,436 2,404 33,730 29,230 4,500 390 29.0 28.6 1,303 1,743
Total A-U All economic activities 2017 8,096 6,045 22.23 2,460 2,427 34,090 29,520 4,570 400 29.0 28.7 1,310 1,754
Total A-U All economic activities 2018 8,324 6,237 22.69 2,508 2,474 34,670 30,090 4,580 420 29.1 28.8 1,309 1,747
Total A-U All economic activities 2019 8,501 6,381 23.14 2,575 2,543 35,630 30,900 4,740 440 29.2 28.9 1,318 1,756
Total A-U All economic activities 2020 8,391 6,356 24.07 2,692 2,663 37,280 32,310 4,970 470 29.5 29.2 1,328 1,753
Total A-U All economic activities 2021 8,561 6,507 24.45 2,761 2,730 38,380 33,130 5,250 470 29.5 29.2 1,340 1,763
Total A-U All economic activities 2022 8,868 6,723 25.32 2,852 2,822 39,940 34,230 5,710 480 29.5 29.2 1,337 1,764
Total A-U All economic activities 2023 8,979 6,826 27.12 3,045 3,015 42,380 36,540 5,840 520 29.5 29.2 1,334 1,755
Total A-U All economic activities 2024* 9,041 6,868 28.98 3,247 3,216 45,220 38,960 6,250 570 29.5 29.2 1,332 1,753
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2009 4,190 3,577 21.67 2,777 2,727 38,340 33,320 5,010 840 33.6 33.0 1,510 1,769
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2010 after change of method 4,175 3,558 22.01 2,806 2,754 38,810 33,670 5,140 820 33.5 32.9 1,501 1,762
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2011 4,197 3,548 22.22 2,831 2,778 39,250 33,970 5,280 780 33.2 32.6 1,500 1,775
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2012 4,144 3,493 22.75 2,870 2,818 39,680 34,440 5,240 790 33.2 32.5 1,487 1,764
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2013 4,063 3,425 22.99 2,904 2,852 40,490 34,850 5,640 760 33.3 32.7 1,489 1,766
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2014 4,043 3,401 23.05 2,921 2,869 40,510 35,050 5,460 710 33.3 32.7 1,494 1,776
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2015 4,092 3,434 23.57 2,967 2,914 41,140 35,600 5,540 640 33.2 32.6 1,483 1,768
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2016 4,152 3,491 23.58 2,990 2,937 41,560 35,880 5,680 620 33.3 32.7 1,494 1,777
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2017 4,255 3,573 23.65 3,007 2,952 41,830 36,080 5,750 640 33.3 32.7 1,498 1,784
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2018 4,366 3,666 24.11 3,053 2,998 42,380 36,640 5,740 680 33.3 32.7 1,493 1,778
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2019 4,442 3,726 24.57 3,123 3,070 43,410 37,470 5,930 710 33.3 32.7 1,499 1,787
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2020 4,362 3,686 25.50 3,251 3,202 45,120 39,010 6,120 750 33.5 33.0 1,507 1,783
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2021 4,428 3,744 25.86 3,320 3,268 46,420 39,840 6,580 760 33.5 33.0 1,517 1,794
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2022 4,573 3,842 26.74 3,409 3,359 48,000 40,910 7,090 780 33.3 32.8 1,507 1,794
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2023 4,624 3,882 28.57 3,616 3,566 50,570 43,390 7,180 840 33.2 32.7 1,498 1,784
Sex: Male A-U All economic activities 2024* 4,652 3,894 30.32 3,825 3,773 53,520 45,900 7,620 900 33.1 32.7 1,493 1,784
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2009 812 529 11.55 1,118 1,096 14,840 13,410 1,430 90 25.2 24.8 1,139 1,748
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2010 after change of method 811 518 11.59 1,089 1,066 14,430 13,060 1,370 70 24.6 24.1 1,104 1,728
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2011 828 514 11.55 1,065 1,043 14,080 12,780 1,300 60 23.9 23.5 1,083 1,744
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2012 820 498 11.68 1,045 1,023 13,780 12,540 1,240 50 23.4 23.0 1,051 1,732
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2013 796 477 11.59 1,026 1,004 13,490 12,310 1,180 50 23.3 22.9 1,040 1,735
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2014 793 470 11.46 1,011 989 13,300 12,140 1,160 50 23.1 22.7 1,036 1,746
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2015 804 477 11.58 1,022 999 13,410 12,260 1,150 40 23.1 22.7 1,034 1,743
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2016 810 490 11.61 1,049 1,027 13,830 12,590 1,250 50 23.6 23.2 1,061 1,754
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2017 830 508 11.93 1,095 1,072 14,440 13,140 1,300 50 23.9 23.6 1,078 1,763
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2018 853 531 12.55 1,164 1,140 15,370 13,970 1,400 60 24.3 24.0 1,091 1,753
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2019 870 544 13.06 1,222 1,200 16,190 14,670 1,520 70 24.5 24.1 1,103 1,763
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2020 844 532 13.71 1,288 1,267 17,080 15,450 1,620 70 24.6 24.3 1,109 1,760
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2021 897 564 13.93 1,311 1,289 17,400 15,730 1,670 70 24.5 24.2 1,110 1,767
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2022 950 596 14.76 1,389 1,367 18,540 16,660 1,870 80 24.5 24.2 1,111 1,770
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2023 963 610 16.10 1,519 1,497 20,180 18,220 1,960 100 24.7 24.4 1,116 1,761
Age: 20 to 24 years A-U All economic activities 2024* 967 609 17.59 1,646 1,624 21,850 19,760 2,090 110 24.5 24.3 1,108 1,757
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2009 3,894 3,894 21.36 3,187 3,143 44,010 38,250 5,760 930 39.1 38.5 1,766 1,766
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2010 after change of method 3,891 3,891 21.69 3,227 3,179 44,680 38,730 5,950 900 39.1 38.5 1,759 1,759
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2011 3,792 3,792 22.03 3,299 3,255 45,730 39,590 6,140 880 39.0 38.5 1,773 1,773
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2012 3,703 3,704 22.66 3,375 3,331 46,670 40,490 6,180 900 39.1 38.6 1,763 1,763
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2013 3,620 3,620 23.00 3,435 3,384 47,950 41,220 6,730 870 39.4 38.8 1,765 1,765
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2014 3,572 3,572 23.20 3,479 3,431 48,360 41,750 6,610 810 39.4 38.8 1,775 1,775
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2015 3,571 3,571 23.87 3,564 3,513 49,540 42,760 6,780 750 39.4 38.8 1,766 1,766
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2016 3,638 3,638 23.93 3,598 3,546 50,120 43,180 6,940 730 39.5 38.9 1,778 1,778
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2017 3,651 3,651 24.06 3,648 3,589 50,850 43,770 7,080 770 39.7 39.0 1,790 1,790
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2018 3,753 3,753 24.54 3,709 3,650 51,590 44,500 7,090 810 39.8 39.1 1,785 1,785
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2019 3,810 3,810 25.05 3,801 3,744 52,970 45,610 7,360 850 39.8 39.1 1,794 1,794
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2020 3,757 3,757 26.01 3,927 3,875 54,710 47,120 7,580 880 39.7 39.1 1,788 1,788
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2021 3,858 3,858 26.39 4,015 3,960 56,320 48,180 8,140 880 39.7 39.1 1,801 1,801
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2022 3,970 3,970 27.37 4,163 4,108 58,890 49,950 8,940 910 39.7 39.1 1,801 1,801
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2023 4,009 4,009 29.28 4,423 4,369 62,160 53,080 9,090 980 39.6 39.1 1,790 1,790
Type of employment contract: full-time A-U All economic activities 2024* 3,969 3,969 31.15 4,701 4,647 66,190 56,410 9,780 1,060 39.6 39.2 1,791 1,791
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2009 3,793 3,778 21.33 3,212 3,171 44,330 38,540 5,790 960 39.4 38.9 1,784 1,791
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2010 after change of method 3,762 3,752 21.73 3,268 3,219 45,230 39,220 6,010 940 39.4 38.8 1,777 1,782
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2011 3,706 3,695 22.02 3,327 3,281 46,170 39,930 6,240 910 39.3 38.7 1,788 1,794
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2012 3,646 3,635 22.64 3,396 3,351 47,000 40,760 6,250 920 39.4 38.8 1,776 1,782
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2013 3,603 3,590 22.94 3,450 3,396 48,160 41,400 6,770 900 39.6 39.0 1,777 1,783
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2014 3,558 3,545 23.13 3,493 3,444 48,550 41,910 6,640 840 39.6 39.0 1,787 1,794
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2015 3,603 3,585 23.72 3,563 3,512 49,510 42,760 6,760 760 39.6 39.0 1,777 1,786
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2016 3,660 3,646 23.83 3,600 3,548 50,140 43,200 6,940 750 39.6 39.0 1,787 1,794
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2017 3,753 3,738 23.96 3,631 3,574 50,590 43,570 7,010 770 39.7 39.0 1,790 1,797
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2018 3,859 3,844 24.46 3,696 3,637 51,380 44,350 7,030 810 39.7 39.1 1,785 1,792
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2019 3,932 3,916 24.95 3,785 3,728 52,700 45,420 7,280 850 39.7 39.1 1,793 1,801
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2020 3,924 3,904 25.90 3,905 3,854 54,340 46,860 7,480 880 39.6 39.1 1,786 1,795
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2021 4,009 3,990 26.30 3,998 3,944 56,020 47,980 8,040 890 39.7 39.1 1,799 1,808
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2022 4,132 4,112 27.26 4,141 4,088 58,510 49,690 8,820 910 39.6 39.1 1,799 1,808
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2023 4,197 4,175 29.17 4,397 4,344 61,720 52,770 8,960 980 39.5 39.1 1,787 1,796
Working hours: 35 hours a week or more A-U All economic activities 2024* 4,192 4,169 31.03 4,671 4,619 65,650 56,050 9,600 1,060 39.5 39.1 1,786 1,796
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2009 1,196 821 19.32 1,953 1,938 25,490 23,430 2,060 870 26.4 26.3 1,204 1,753
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2010 after change of method 1,229 837 19.79 1,981 1,965 25,880 23,770 2,100 840 26.2 26.0 1,191 1,748
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2011 1,186 796 20.15 2,004 1,990 26,200 24,050 2,140 810 25.9 25.7 1,185 1,765
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2012 1,170 782 20.61 2,027 2,013 26,370 24,320 2,050 800 25.8 25.6 1,172 1,753
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2013 1,150 767 20.84 2,049 2,036 26,940 24,590 2,350 770 25.9 25.7 1,172 1,757
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2014 1,165 770 20.79 2,043 2,029 26,690 24,510 2,180 700 25.8 25.6 1,171 1,772
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2015 1,173 775 21.22 2,083 2,070 27,170 25,000 2,180 660 25.8 25.7 1,170 1,770
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2016 1,202 796 21.27 2,107 2,093 27,480 25,280 2,190 660 25.9 25.8 1,181 1,784
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2017 1,226 815 21.64 2,151 2,137 28,190 25,810 2,380 680 26.0 25.9 1,185 1,783
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2018 1,233 822 22.18 2,208 2,193 28,760 26,490 2,270 730 26.2 26.0 1,186 1,780
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2019 1,245 830 22.69 2,273 2,259 29,600 27,280 2,320 780 26.2 26.1 1,195 1,791
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2020 1,205 813 23.31 2,363 2,350 30,830 28,350 2,480 830 26.7 26.5 1,209 1,792
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2021 1,257 853 23.65 2,423 2,409 31,730 29,080 2,640 830 26.7 26.6 1,222 1,802
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2022 1,290 872 24.70 2,522 2,509 33,000 30,270 2,730 870 26.6 26.5 1,219 1,802
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2023 1,291 874 26.36 2,683 2,670 34,950 32,190 2,760 960 26.7 26.5 1,215 1,795
0 to 9 employed persons A-U All economic activities 2024* 1,299 876 27.86 2,831 2,818 36,850 33,970 2,880 1,040 26.6 26.5 1,214 1,800
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2009 5,477 4,133 19.65 2,232 2,193 30,640 26,780 3,860 720 29.7 29.2 1,339 1,774
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2010 after change of method 5,428 4,091 20.00 2,262 2,221 31,090 27,150 3,950 710 29.7 29.1 1,333 1,768
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2011 5,467 4,089 20.24 2,291 2,248 31,560 27,490 4,070 670 29.4 28.9 1,333 1,782
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2012 5,426 4,045 20.75 2,325 2,283 31,900 27,900 4,010 680 29.4 28.9 1,320 1,771
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2013 5,334 3,973 21.00 2,355 2,313 32,570 28,260 4,310 660 29.6 29.0 1,322 1,775
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2014 5,335 3,962 21.10 2,372 2,330 32,640 28,470 4,170 610 29.5 29.0 1,325 1,784
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2015 5,439 4,031 21.50 2,404 2,361 33,060 28,840 4,220 550 29.4 28.9 1,317 1,777
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2016 5,561 4,143 21.45 2,420 2,378 33,370 29,040 4,330 540 29.6 29.1 1,330 1,785
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2017 5,735 4,279 21.57 2,441 2,397 33,660 29,290 4,370 550 29.6 29.1 1,334 1,788
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2018 5,919 4,436 22.00 2,490 2,446 34,300 29,880 4,410 580 29.8 29.3 1,335 1,781
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2019 6,030 4,532 22.46 2,561 2,519 35,280 30,730 4,550 610 29.9 29.4 1,345 1,790
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2020 5,880 4,479 23.36 2,689 2,650 36,980 32,270 4,720 650 30.3 29.8 1,362 1,788
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2021 5,984 4,575 23.71 2,757 2,716 38,230 33,080 5,150 660 30.3 29.9 1,374 1,798
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2022 6,233 4,746 24.57 2,845 2,805 39,680 34,140 5,540 670 30.2 29.8 1,370 1,799
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2023 6,294 4,805 26.30 3,035 2,996 42,110 36,420 5,690 730 30.2 29.9 1,367 1,790
Cao-sector: private companies A-U All economic activities 2024* 6,289 4,798 28.00 3,230 3,189 44,790 38,760 6,030 790 30.2 29.9 1,367 1,791
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Table explanation


This table comprises yearly figures on the main aspects of employment, wages and working hours in the Netherlands. The information in this table is classified according to Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (SIC 2008) and can be broken down into:
- employee characteristics (age and sex)
- job characteristics (type of employment contract and working hours)
- company characteristics (size of the firm and collective wage agreements)

Data available from: 2009.

Status of the figures:
Figures for the years 2009 to 2023 are final. Figures for 2024 are provisional.

Changes as of 28 April 2025:
Provisional figures for 2024 are added.
The figures for 2024 are excluding the selections: ‘Type of employment contract: full-time’, ‘Type of employment contract: part-time’ for the branche ‘P Education’

When will new figures be published?
The final figures for 2024 will be published in October 2025.

Description topics

Employment
Jobs
A job is an explicit or implicit employment contract between a person and an economic unit, specifying that labour will be carried out in return for remuneration (financial or otherwise). An employed person may have more than one job at a time. In that case the person has a main job and a secondary job. Each job counts separately. For the calculation of the average number of jobs in a certain period the starting date and end date of a job is taking into account. The weekly working hours are left out of account. Two successive jobs both with a 6-month working period will always count as one job in the average number of jobs, regardless of whether these jobs are full-time or part-time.
Labour volume
The volume of labour input in the production process, in terms of hours worked or full-time equivalents. Part-time jobs are counted proportionally (excluding overtime, after deduction of the reduction in working hours).
Calculation of the average labour volume for a certain period is based on the starting date and end date of a job and the weekly working hours. Two successive jobs both with a 6-month working period will count as 1 working year in the yearly average labour volume if both jobs are full-time. If they are part-time jobs they will count for less than a year.
Wage per job
Hourly wage
The hourly wage are calculated by the sum of gross wage of all the jobs of employees of the related population divide by the sum of the corresponding working hours. These wages and hours are summed by subpopulation and period.

The agreed gross wage is the taxable salary excluding bonuses/allowances, overtime pay and additional tax for the company car.
The working hours are the hours paid for a job excluding overtime hours, holiday leave and public holidays. Leave in compensation for shorter working hours (ADV) is not recognized as working hours, so this is not included in the calculation.

Bonuses and allowances are occasional payments that are part of the gross wages such as holiday allowance, profit sharing and performance bonuses.
Monthly wages
The monthly wage is the agreed gross salary, excluding bonuses/allowances, but including the value according to tax of non-monetary remuneration liable to tax and paid overtime. The private tax benefits of a company car are not included. There is a difference between monthly wage including paid overtime and excluding paid overtime.
The average monthly wage in a year is determined by dividing the yearly wage sum by 12 times the average number of jobs in that year.

Monthly wage including overtime
The monthly wage including paid overtime.
Monthly wage excluding overtime
The monthly wage excluding paid overtime.
Yearly wage
Agreed gross salary including the value according to tax of non-monetary remuneration liable to tax and paid overtime. The private tax benefits of a company car are not included. The average yearly wage is determined by dividing the yearly wage sum by the average number of jobs in a year.
Yearly wage including bonuses
The yearly wage including bonuses and allowances, such as holiday allowance, profit sharing, performance bonuses etc.
Yearly wage excluding special payments
The yearly wage excluding bonuses and allowances, such as holiday allowance, profit sharing, performance bonuses etc.
Bonuses and allowances
Occasional payments that are part of the gross wages such as holiday allowance, profit sharing, performance bonuses etc.
These do not include contributions to wage savings schemes, compensation for dismissal, compensation for medical expenses and wages paid for overtime.
Additional tax liability for company car
Fixed value of private use of a company car minus extra payment by the employee for this use.

Working hours
The number of hours someone works in a normal or average working week. There is a distinction between weekly working hours and yearly working hours.
Weekly working hours are calculated by the average hours paid for a job divided by 52. The hours paid include hours leave, paid overtime hours and paid sick and study leave, but exclude reduction of working hours.
Also the weekly working hours without overtime is been determined. The yearly working hours of a job is the average hours paid for a job a year excluded overtime hours and leave hours through holiday, reduction of
working hours and general recognized feast-days.
For the yearly working hours of a year of employment this yearly average is determined for a year of employment instead for a job.
Per job per week including overtime
Weekly working hours are calculated by the average hours paid for a job per year divided by 52. The hours paid include hours leave, paid overtime, and paid sick and study leave, but exclude reduction of working hours.
Per job per week excluding overtime
Weekly working hours are calculated by the average hours paid for a job per year divided by 52. The hours paid include hours leave and paid sick and study leave, but exclude reduction of working hours and paid overtime.

Per job per year
The yearly working hours of a job are the average hours paid for a job per year excluding overtime hours and holiday leave, leave as compensation for shorter working hours (ADV) and public holidays. For the yearly working hours in a year of employment this yearly average is calculated for a year of employment instead for a job.



Per working year
A working year is a measure for the labour volume calculated by converting all jobs (full-time and part-time) in a year to full-time equivalents (fte) by dividing the agreed working hours by the agreed working hours of a full-time job in a particular industry. The resulting full-time equivalents add up to working years. For example, two jobs of 0.5 fte add up to one working year.