Invest. climate;human capital, labour supply internat. comparison 1990-2011

Table explanation

Description topics

Tertiary education attainment

People in the 25 to 65 age bracket, who graduated from higher education. Training must fall under ISCED97 classes 5a (in the Netherlands including masters or hbo), 5b (including shortened hbo) or 6 (aio, oio or other Ph D training). ISCED stands for International Standard Classification of Education.

Source: OECD, Factbook 2010.

According to the ISCED97 classification some other forms of education also count as higher education. According to the Dutch interpretation these are private or company training with a duration of at least 2 years full-time after havo/mbo-4. For example ICT and commercial training. Furthermore, there are differences between countries in what training is considered higher education. See for example Bernelot Moens, W.E., 'Heeft Nederland wel zo weinig hoopopgeleiden? Associate degree vult gaten in onderwijssysteem', Statistics Netherlands, 2005.

Graduates in science and engineering

Number of graduates and PhDs in mathematics, sciences and informatics (science: International Standard Classification (ISC) 4) and engineering (engineering: ISC 52) in the year concerned, as a share of the total number of graduates and PhDs in the higher education in that year. Higher education has been defined here as ISCED97 classes 5a (in the Netherlands including masters or hbo), 5b (including shortened hbo) or 6 (aio, oio or other PhD training).

Sources: OECD, STI; OECD, Education database.

It concerns the year in which students obtained a diploma, with exception of Denmark, Finland, France (up to 2002) and Italy, where students have been registered who have graduated in the previous year.

Performance 15-year old students

Average performance of 15-year-old students in the field of mathematics, science and reading. Average score. OECD average = 500. The OECD score is an average weighted pro rata of the number of 15-year-old students per country. The 2003 figures for the Netherlands are not fully reliable because the sample size was too small.

Source: OECD, Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

Mathematics

Total men and women

Science

Total men and women

Reading

Total men and women

Labour costs

Total expenditure by employers on labour. The expenditure includes direct costs (such as personnel costs) and indirect costs (such as collective social charges, costs for professional training and work-related taxes). It concerns all sectors of industry except agriculture, fishery and self-employed persons with staff.

Unit labour costs

Labour costs divided by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The labour costs are expressed in nominal prices. The Gross Domestic Product is corrected for price developments. Because of this, it is possible to examine how the labour costs for a standard production entity develop through the years.

Source: OECD, Economic Outlook, No. 86 - December 2010.

Per hour

Total expenditure by employers on labour, per hour is expressed in ecu, up to 1999, from 1999 in euro.

Total

Total expenditure by employers on labour per hour.

Source: Eurostat.

Manufacturing

Total expenditure by employers on labour, per hour, in the manufacturing (Nace Rev 1.1, section D). The NACE Rev 1.1 is the English-language Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) used by Eurostat.

Source: Eurostat.

Services sector

Total expenditure by employers on labour, per hour, in the services sector, excluding the government (Nace Rev 1.1, section G-K). The NACE Rev 1.1 is the English-language Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) used by Eurostat.

Source: Eurostat.