Environmental and economic key figures 1995-2012

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Description topics

Environment physical data

Net energy consumption

Final energy use for energy and non-energy purposes (for example the use of lubricants) plus the conversion losses of energy (for example energy losses that occur when coal and gas are converted into electricity in power plants).

Tap water use

Water from the tap of drinking water quality produced by the water supply companies and provided to households and businesses.
Tap water is purified groundwater or surface water and transported through a network of pipes.
The use of so-called 'other water' is not included. 'Other water' is water of different, superior or inferior quality compared to tap water.
One can think of unfiltered and filtered water, or distilled and demineralised water.
As part of the environmental accounts, on an annual basis Water Accounts are compiled. Part of these accounts is the (physical) use of water by the different economic activities.
In here a distinction is made between the use of tap water and extraction of groundwater and of surface water.
The water use is allocated to the various industries and households.

Solid waste production

Waste types are categorised according to the European Regulation on Waste Statistics. Waste with commercial value (waste products) and without commercial value (waste residuals) for the producer are taken into account.

Heavy metals to water

A group of metals with a high atomic weight. Highly toxic metals are arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc. The emissions of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc can be converted into heavy-metal equivalents and subsequently be added up. The conversion to heavy-metal equivalents takes into account the harmfulness of the substances for the environment (VROM, 1993: Environmental policy performance indicators, A. Adriaanse).
The individual substances have the following corresponding weights in the equivalent:
Zinc: 1/30
Lead: 1/25
Chromium: 1/25
Arsenic: 1/10
Copper: 1/3
Cadmium: 5
Mercury: 100/3

Nutrients to water

Nutrients that are necessary for the growth of plants and crops (e.g. phosphorus and nitrogen). A too high concentration of phosphorus and/or nitrogen is bad for the quality of surface water. The emissions of phosphorus and nitrogen are converted into nutrient equivalents and subsequently added up. The conversion takes into account the harmfulness of the substances for the environment. Phosphorus has a larger weight in the equivalent than nitrogen (factor 10).

Climate change (greenhouse gases)

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere retain part of the solar heat that reaches the earth. The increased concentration of greenhouse gases means more warmth is retained and the temperature of the earth's surface rises.
This is called the "enhanced greenhouse effect". The most important greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), laughing gas (N2O), HFCs, PFCs and SF6.

Acidification

Process which causes the acidification of soil and water as a result of the emission of polluting substances like NOx, SO2, NH3 and VOS (volatile organic substances) into the air and their consequent penetration into water and soil. Acidifying substances are included under the environmental theme "large-scale air pollution".
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One acidification equivalent is equal to one mole H+. The emission of one kg NOx is equal to 21,7 acidification equivalents, the emission of one 1 kg SO2 is equal to 31,3 acidification equivalents, and the emission of one 1 kg NH3 is equal to 58,8 acidification equivalents.

Ozone layer depletion

Depletion of the ozone layer as a result of emissions of CFCs and halones to air, converted to CFC12 equivalents. The conversion factors are based on the extent to which the different CFCs and halones affect the ozone layer.

Fine dust

Includes only the emission of PM10. PM10 are particles smaller than 10 micrometres, that can penetrate deep into the lungs and are thus harmful to humans.

Environment financial data

Expenditures and revenues related to care for the environment.

Revenues environmental fees and -taxes

Total revenues from environmental levies and environmental taxes.
Environmental levies are imposed by the government to finance specific environmental measures. Environmental taxes are taxes intended to reduce human activities that harm the environment. The revenues from environmental taxes go into the general government revenue and are not used to finance specific environmental policies. Examples of environmental taxes are excise on motor fuels, road tax, the tax on cars and motorcycles and energy tax.

Macroeconomics

Economy dealing with groups of commodities and production output.

Labour input of employed persons

The input of labour that is deployedin a certain period. The labour input can be expressed as jobs, years of employment and hours of employment.
Employed persons are all individuals working at a company that is settled in The Netherlands or at a private household in The Netherlands.
Employed persons are considered all individuals performing paid labour, even if it is for just one or a few hour a week, even if they:
- perform labour that is legal, but which from the payment is withdrawn from registration by the treasury and social security authorities ('black labour');
- do not perform any labour temporary, but still get payment (e.g. in case of illness or hold-ups due to frost;
- are on holiday temporary, without payment.
Employed persons can becategorised in employees and freelancers.
Employees are individuals performing labour for a certain period, in return of payment or salary, in money or in kind.
Freelancers are individuals receiving income by performing labour at their own expenses and risk, for the company or profession they practise independently. Participating members of the family are also considered freelancers, unless they start an employment contract.

Value at prices of 2005

The amounts are expressed at prices of the reference year 2005.

Output at basic prices

Output (basic prices) covers the value of all goods produced for sale, including unsold goods, and all receipts for services rendered. Output furthermore covers the market equivalent of goods and services produced for own use, such as own account capital formation, services of owner-occupied dwellings and agricultural products produced by farmers for own consumption.
The output of such goods is estimated by valuing the quantities produced against the price that the producer would have received if these goods had been sold. Output is valued at basic prices, defined as the price received by the producer excluding trade and transport margins and the balance of taxes and subsidies on products. This is the price the producer is ultimately left with.

Gross value added at basic prices

Value added at basic prices is equal to the difference between production (basic prices) and intermediate consumption.

Gross fixed capital formation

Expenses on produced material and immaterial assets that can be used in the production proces for a period longer than one year, e.g. buildings, houses, machines, transportation and such.
Fixed capital formation includes also:
- the underhand work in construction, that is considered the client's fixed capital formation. This includes houses, government buildings, civil engineering works and such;
- military structures that are used in similar way as by civil producers, like airports and hospitals;
- improvements on used fixed assets, that are not the usual maintenance and repair works;
- the costs made, buying new or used fixed assets, such as conveyancing fees and costs of real estate agents, architects, notaries and appraisers.
At the total economy-level (and the departments) the investments are corrected on buying and selling used fixed assets.