Invest.climate; macroeconomic conditions international comparison 1990-2012

Invest.climate; macroeconomic conditions international comparison 1990-2012

Countries Periods Inflation (%) Long-term interest rate (%) Net borrowing/lending consolidated gover (% of GDP) General government debt (% of GDP) Unemployment (% of labour force) Imports and exports, related to GDP (% of GDP) Goods trade with non-EU countries (% of GDP)
Australia 2012 . . . . . . .
Austria 2012 . . . . . . .
Belgium 2012 . . . . . . .
Canada 2012 . . . . . . .
Czech Republic 2012 . . . . . . .
Denmark 2012 . . . . . . .
Finland 2012 . . . . . . .
France 2012 . . . . . . .
Germany 2012 . . . . . . .
Hungary 2012 . . . . . . .
Ireland 2012 . . . . . . .
Italy 2012 . . . . . . .
Japan 2012 . . . . . . .
The Netherlands 2012 . . . . . . .
Poland 2012 . . . . . . .
South Korea 2012 . . . . . . .
Spain 2012 . . . . . . .
Sweden 2012 . . . . . . .
United Kingdom 2012 . . . . . . .
United States 2012 . . . . . . .
EU-15 2012 . . . . . . .
EU-25 2012 . . . . . . .
EU-27 2012 . . . . . . .
OECD 2012 . . . . . . .
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Table explanation


In this table international comparisons are made of macroeconomic conditions on the basis of a number of elementary performance indicators:
- Inflation;
- Long-term interest rate;
- Net borrowing/lending of consolidated general government sector;
- General government debt;
- Unemployment;
- Imports and exports, related to Gross Domestic Product (GDP);
- Goods trade with non-EU countries;
- Container transport.
These indicators give an overall picture of the international competitive position of a country. The macroeconomic circumstances define the basic climate within which companies develop their activities. Good macroeconomic conditions ensure a favourable climate in which enterprises can function well.

Note:
Comparable definitions are used to compare the figures presented internationally. The definitions sometimes differ from definitions used by Statistics Netherlands. The figures in this table could differ from Dutch figures presented elsewhere on the website of Statistics Netherlands.

Data available from 1990 up to 2012.

Status of the figures:
The external sources of these data frequently supply adjusted figures on preceding periods. These adjusted data are not mentioned as such in the table.

Changes as of 22 December 2017:
No, table is stopped.

When will new figures be published?
Not.

Description topics

Inflation
Development of the general price level, based on the European harmonised consumer price index (Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices; (HICP)). Harmonised means that figures are made comparable between countries. As a result, the figure can differ from the consumer price indices according to the Dutch definition published by Statistics Netherlands elsewhere.
The figures for Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea, United States and the OECD average were not harmonised with the European indices.
Therefore they are not directly comparable.

Source: Eurostat, Structural Indicators; OECD Main Economic Indicators.
Long-term interest rate
Yield of 10-year government bonds.
Except for:
Belgium: yield of over 5-year government bond.
South Korea: yield of 5-year government bond.
Canada: yield of over 10-year government bond.
Germany: yield of 9 to 10-year government bond.
Ireland: yield of 15-year government bond.

Source: OECD Economic Outlook 89.
Net borrowing/lending consolidated gover
Net borrowing/lending of consolidated general government sector. Income and expenditure with a capital character are included, such as land purchases and sales, sale of UMTS licences (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), investments, investment contributions, turnovers from sales of gas and (specifically Dutch) the buying off of the annual subsidy to housing corporations in 1995.
Financial transactions like the sales of participations or providing credit, for instance to companies or student loans, are not considered as relevant income or expenditure for the balance.

Sources: Eurostat, OECD Economic Outlook 89.
General government debt
Nominal value on 31 December of the year concerned. Government includes national and local government and social security funds.
There are differences between national definitions of general government debt, and the EU definition (EMU debt). For EU countries, the EU definition is used.

Source: OECD Economic Outlook 89.
Unemployment
For most countries the labour force is based on data from the labour force survey. For countries for which such data is not available labour force is compiled by adding together the number of employed and unemployed. These data can be taken from another source. For the exact way of calculating of national figures we refer to the source.

Source: OECD Economic Outlook 89.
Imports and exports, related to GDP
A country with an open economy is characterised by intense trade relations with other countries. The openness of the economy is calculated as follows: (exports in current prices + imports in current prices) divided by (Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in current prices).

Source: European Commission, AMECO database.
Goods trade with non-EU countries
European Union (EU)
Alliance of European states that was established in 1993 by the Maastricht Treaty, but with precursors in the 50s of the last century, aimed at achieving common goals on political, economic and legal terms. An important goal is the free movement of persons, goods, services and capital within the EU. In many areas, Member States have transferred competences to the EU. There are also areas where the self-determination of Member States has been maintained and decisions can only taken by consensus. This indicator gives an idea of the trade in goods with countries outside the European Union. The sum of goods imports and goods exports to countries outside the European Union is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Source: European Commission, AMECO database.