What is the condition of our ecosystems?

Ecosystem condition refers to the current state and functioning of an ecosystem type. It is measured by factors such as the presence of certain plants and animals (and their characteristics), soil and water conditions, and the surrounding landscape, including fragmentation.

Monitoring ecosystem condition over time helps us to understand how ecosystem health changes due to factors such as human activity, climate change, or shifts in biodiversity. High-quality ecosystems are essential because they function more effectively and provide and provide more and better ecosystem services.

To track ecosystem condition, Statistics Netherlands (CBS) uses various indicators that highlight the condition and health of ecosystems in the Netherlands. Examples include:

• Urban green spaces: this indicator shows the amount of green space in urban areas, which is vital for air purification, reducing urban heat islands, and supporting biodiversity.
• Dead wood in forests: this measures the number of dead trees and branches in forests. Dead wood provides shelter for wildlife, significantly contributes to biodiversity, and plays a key role in natural nutrient cycles.
• Soil organic matter: this indicator measures the amount of plant residues and other organic materials in the soil. Organic matter is crucial for retaining water, supplying nutrients to plants, and supporting soil life.
• Imperviousness of the coastal zone: this tracks how much of the coastal zone is covered by concrete, asphalt, or other impervious materials. Excessive hardening can disrupt the natural dynamics of coastal areas, negatively affecting biodiversity and recreational opportunities.