Employment; sex; type of employment contract, size of company, SIC2008

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Employment; sex; type of employment contract, size of company, SIC2008
Sex of employee	Type of employment contract	Size of company	Industry classes / branches (SIC2008)	Periods	Employment Jobs (x 1 000)	Employment Labour volume (x 1 000)	Wage per job Hourly wage (euro)	Wage per job Monthly wages Monthly wage including overtime (euro)	Wage per job Monthly wages Monthly wage excluding overtime (euro)	Wage per job Yearly wage Yearly wage including bonuses (euro)	Wage per job Yearly wage Yearly wage excluding special payments (euro)	Wage per job Yearly wage Bonuses and allowances (euro)	Wage per job Yearly wage Additional tax liability for company car (euro)	Working hours Per job per week including overtime (hour)	Working hours Per job per week excluding overtime (hour)	Working hours Per job per year (hour)	Working hours Per working year (hour)
Total male and female	Total	Total	A-U All economic activities	2022*	8,869	6,713	25.29	2,847	2,816	39,880	34,160	5,720	480	29.4	29.1	1,336	1,766
Total male and female	Total	Total	A-F Agriculture and industry	2022*	1,322	1,173	26.09	3,543	3,481	49,140	42,520	6,620	760	35.4	34.8	1,601	1,805
Total male and female	Total	Total	A Agriculture, forestry and fishing	2022*	112	81	18.54	2,127	2,069	27,870	25,530	2,340	320	29.7	29.0	1,339	1,844
Total male and female	Total	Total	B-F Industry and energy	2022*	1,210	1,091	26.66	3,674	3,612	51,100	44,090	7,010	810	35.9	35.3	1,626	1,802
Total male and female	Total	Total	B-E Industry (no construction), energy	2022*	858	771	26.96	3,668	3,602	52,120	44,010	8,110	560	35.5	34.9	1,604	1,785
Total male and female	Total	Total	B Mining and quarrying	2022*	8	7	39.26	5,782	5,708	89,970	69,380	20,590	700	38.5	38.0	1,744	1,848
Total male and female	Total	Total	C Manufacturing	2022*	778	699	26.69	3,621	3,557	51,210	43,450	7,760	550	35.4	34.9	1,600	1,781
Total male and female	Total	Total	D Electricity and gas supply	2022*	34	29	32.67	4,341	4,317	65,960	52,090	13,870	900	34.2	34.0	1,586	1,833
Total male and female	Total	Total	E Water supply and waste management	2022*	38	35	24.82	3,602	3,461	50,700	43,220	7,470	570	38.0	36.6	1,673	1,807
Total male and female	Total	Total	F Construction	2022*	352	321	25.97	3,690	3,635	48,630	44,280	4,350	1,390	36.8	36.3	1,680	1,842
Total male and female	Total	Total	G-N Commercial services	2022*	4,622	3,402	23.97	2,678	2,642	37,530	32,140	5,390	660	29.2	28.8	1,323	1,797
Total male and female	Total	Total	G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering	2022*	2,313	1,583	20.76	2,167	2,122	30,050	26,010	4,040	480	27.1	26.7	1,227	1,792
Total male and female	Total	Total	G Wholesale and retail trade	2022*	1,460	1,007	21.11	2,195	2,173	30,810	26,340	4,470	630	27.1	26.8	1,235	1,792
Total male and female	Total	Total	H Transportation and storage	2022*	400	335	23.80	3,175	2,996	43,920	38,100	5,820	390	34.8	32.9	1,511	1,807
Total male and female	Total	Total	I Accommodation and food serving	2022*	453	242	14.99	1,188	1,183	15,340	14,250	1,080	100	20.6	20.6	947	1,776
Total male and female	Total	Total	J Information and communication	2022*	321	289	31.22	4,266	4,256	61,510	51,190	10,320	1,450	35.7	35.7	1,636	1,817
Total male and female	Total	Total	K Financial institutions	2022*	286	248	37.48	4,863	4,854	70,230	58,360	11,880	1,380	33.7	33.6	1,554	1,789
Total male and female	Total	Total	L Renting, buying, selling real estate	2022*	70	58	28.94	3,462	3,459	47,710	41,550	6,170	1,060	31.2	31.2	1,434	1,748
Total male and female	Total	Total	M-N Business services	2022*	1,632	1,224	23.41	2,673	2,639	37,250	32,080	5,170	620	29.9	29.5	1,352	1,802
Total male and female	Total	Total	M Other specialised business services	2022*	565	481	31.48	4,048	4,035	57,540	48,580	8,960	1,220	33.7	33.6	1,538	1,809
Total male and female	Total	Total	N Renting and other business support	2022*	1,066	744	18.16	1,944	1,898	26,500	23,330	3,160	300	27.9	27.3	1,254	1,798
Total male and female	Total	Total	O-U Noncommercial services	2022*	2,926	2,138	27.06	2,798	2,791	39,390	33,580	5,820	70	27.1	27.1	1,238	1,694
Total male and female	Total	Total	O-Q Government and care	2022*	2,651	1,957	27.43	2,856	2,849	40,310	34,270	6,040	50	27.3	27.3	1,247	1,689
Total male and female	Total	Total	O Public administration and services	2022*	572	509	29.23	3,781	3,770	54,930	45,380	9,560	20	33.3	33.2	1,547	1,737
Total male and female	Total	Total	P Education	2022*	585	430	29.06	3,025	3,022	42,950	36,300	6,640	50	27.6	27.5	1,248	1,696
Total male and female	Total	Total	Q Health and social work activities	2022*	1,494	1,017	25.77	2,436	2,430	33,690	29,230	4,460	60	25.0	24.9	1,131	1,662
Total male and female	Total	Total	R-U Culture, recreation, other services	2022*	275	181	23.21	2,240	2,233	30,530	26,880	3,660	260	25.2	25.1	1,154	1,756
Total male and female	Total	Total	R Culture, sports and recreation	2022*	147	89	22.54	2,006	2,001	27,320	24,070	3,250	230	23.2	23.1	1,065	1,762
Total male and female	Total	Total	S Other service activities	2022*	128	92	23.86	2,508	2,498	34,210	30,090	4,120	300	27.5	27.4	1,256	1,750
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	A-U All economic activities	2022*	1,288	870	24.66	2,519	2,506	32,950	30,230	2,720	870	26.6	26.5	1,219	1,804
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	A-F Agriculture and industry	2022*	187	142	22.12	2,559	2,534	33,030	30,700	2,320	740	30.1	29.8	1,375	1,815
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	A Agriculture, forestry and fishing	2022*	42	27	17.28	1,697	1,670	21,560	20,370	1,190	310	25.5	25.1	1,159	1,833
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	B-F Industry and energy	2022*	145	115	23.25	2,808	2,785	36,350	33,700	2,650	870	31.4	31.2	1,437	1,811
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	B-E Industry (no construction), energy	2022*	70	53	23.28	2,650	2,622	35,020	31,800	3,220	800	29.7	29.4	1,351	1,793
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	B Mining and quarrying	2022*	0	0	0.00	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0	0
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	C Manufacturing	2022*	63	49	23.01	2,686	2,657	35,460	32,230	3,230	840	30.5	30.2	1,386	1,789
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	D Electricity and gas supply	2022*	5	2	26.86	1,776	1,773	23,630	21,310	2,320	280	17.2	17.2	792	1,831
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	E Water supply and waste management	2022*	2	2	23.79	3,107	3,048	40,980	37,280	3,700	950	34.0	33.4	1,537	1,835
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	F Construction	2022*	75	62	23.23	2,957	2,937	37,610	35,480	2,120	920	33.0	32.8	1,517	1,827
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	G-N Commercial services	2022*	873	595	25.28	2,611	2,598	34,270	31,330	2,940	1,050	27.0	26.8	1,233	1,808
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering	2022*	453	274	19.15	1,755	1,737	22,980	21,060	1,930	500	23.8	23.6	1,088	1,797
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	G Wholesale and retail trade	2022*	260	178	20.78	2,143	2,134	28,300	25,720	2,580	740	26.8	26.7	1,232	1,799
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	H Transportation and storage	2022*	34	25	21.45	2,606	2,451	34,190	31,270	2,930	680	31.4	29.7	1,371	1,846
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	I Accommodation and food serving	2022*	159	71	14.14	937	934	11,890	11,250	640	70	17.3	17.2	793	1,774
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	J Information and communication	2022*	54	44	28.85	3,601	3,596	48,060	43,220	4,850	1,230	32.8	32.7	1,496	1,816
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	K Financial institutions	2022*	104	80	36.20	4,267	4,263	55,700	51,200	4,500	2,640	30.7	30.6	1,413	1,831
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	L Renting, buying, selling real estate	2022*	25	18	26.88	2,901	2,898	38,420	34,820	3,600	1,720	28.1	28.1	1,294	1,815
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	M-N Business services	2022*	238	179	28.62	3,264	3,253	42,850	39,170	3,680	1,280	29.8	29.7	1,364	1,814
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	M Other specialised business services	2022*	175	135	31.09	3,623	3,617	47,540	43,480	4,060	1,520	30.5	30.4	1,396	1,814
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	N Renting and other business support	2022*	62	44	21.01	2,256	2,232	29,720	27,080	2,640	600	28.0	27.7	1,275	1,811
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	O-U Noncommercial services	2022*	227	134	24.60	2,135	2,129	27,800	25,620	2,180	300	22.6	22.6	1,038	1,769
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	O-Q Government and care	2022*	133	81	27.81	2,490	2,483	32,380	29,870	2,500	350	23.4	23.3	1,071	1,767
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	O Public administration and services	2022*	1	0	34.57	4,166	4,160	56,650	49,990	6,660	120	31.0	30.9	1,444	1,733
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	P Education	2022*	21	12	24.47	2,099	2,093	27,320	25,180	2,140	520	22.4	22.3	1,027	1,796
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	Q Health and social work activities	2022*	111	68	28.38	2,557	2,549	33,240	30,680	2,560	320	23.5	23.4	1,078	1,761
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	R-U Culture, recreation, other services	2022*	94	53	19.69	1,632	1,627	21,310	19,580	1,730	220	21.6	21.6	992	1,773
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	R Culture, sports and recreation	2022*	42	21	19.90	1,520	1,516	19,610	18,230	1,370	280	19.9	19.8	914	1,789
Total male and female	Total	0 to 9 employed persons	S Other service activities	2022*	52	31	19.55	1,722	1,717	22,670	20,660	2,010	180	23.0	22.9	1,054	1,762
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	A-U All economic activities	2022*	2,112	1,615	23.24	2,704	2,658	37,210	32,450	4,760	610	30.3	29.9	1,372	1,795
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	A-F Agriculture and industry	2022*	448	391	23.31	3,140	3,069	41,930	37,680	4,250	710	35.0	34.4	1,580	1,810
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	A Agriculture, forestry and fishing	2022*	53	41	17.52	2,131	2,054	27,700	25,580	2,130	230	31.4	30.5	1,406	1,849
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	B-F Industry and energy	2022*	394	350	23.99	3,276	3,206	43,850	39,310	4,540	780	35.5	34.9	1,604	1,805
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	B-E Industry (no construction), energy	2022*	256	223	23.69	3,149	3,077	42,770	37,790	4,980	620	34.7	34.0	1,559	1,785
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	B Mining and quarrying	2022*	2	2	35.74	5,288	5,201	79,440	63,460	15,980	700	38.6	37.9	1,746	1,844
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	C Manufacturing	2022*	242	211	23.50	3,108	3,040	42,060	37,300	4,760	610	34.5	33.9	1,552	1,781
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	D Electricity and gas supply	2022*	3	2	31.50	4,311	4,277	64,990	51,730	13,260	1,070	35.6	35.4	1,629	1,828
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	E Water supply and waste management	2022*	9	8	22.96	3,400	3,214	46,620	40,790	5,830	750	38.3	36.4	1,680	1,851
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	F Construction	2022*	139	127	24.52	3,510	3,445	45,830	42,120	3,710	1,080	37.0	36.4	1,686	1,841
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	G-N Commercial services	2022*	1,323	993	23.02	2,649	2,600	36,930	31,780	5,150	690	30.0	29.5	1,356	1,807
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering	2022*	783	552	20.32	2,215	2,151	30,340	26,580	3,760	570	28.2	27.6	1,270	1,802
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	G Wholesale and retail trade	2022*	470	350	21.77	2,459	2,427	34,260	29,500	4,760	800	29.4	29.1	1,338	1,798
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	H Transportation and storage	2022*	108	91	21.39	3,094	2,776	41,820	37,130	4,690	460	37.2	33.8	1,557	1,848
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	I Accommodation and food serving	2022*	205	111	14.80	1,193	1,188	15,280	14,310	970	90	21.0	20.9	963	1,778
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	J Information and communication	2022*	108	97	29.40	4,009	4,001	57,230	48,110	9,120	1,400	35.8	35.7	1,633	1,818
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	K Financial institutions	2022*	32	28	38.41	5,104	5,089	81,170	61,250	19,910	1,150	34.6	34.5	1,590	1,816
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	L Renting, buying, selling real estate	2022*	22	18	29.55	3,657	3,652	51,430	43,880	7,550	940	32.3	32.2	1,483	1,745
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	M-N Business services	2022*	378	297	24.04	2,890	2,857	40,180	34,690	5,500	700	31.4	31.1	1,427	1,815
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	M Other specialised business services	2022*	181	155	28.03	3,621	3,605	51,260	43,450	7,800	980	33.8	33.7	1,543	1,806
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	N Renting and other business support	2022*	196	142	19.72	2,216	2,167	29,960	26,590	3,370	430	29.2	28.6	1,319	1,825
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	O-U Noncommercial services	2022*	342	232	24.14	2,348	2,342	32,120	28,180	3,940	160	25.5	25.4	1,164	1,717
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	O-Q Government and care	2022*	238	161	24.64	2,376	2,370	32,700	28,510	4,190	130	25.3	25.3	1,154	1,702
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	O Public administration and services	2022*	8	7	30.16	3,692	3,686	53,160	44,300	8,860	20	31.3	31.3	1,466	1,714
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	P Education	2022*	60	41	26.15	2,560	2,556	35,570	30,730	4,850	180	25.7	25.7	1,173	1,726
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	Q Health and social work activities	2022*	170	114	23.77	2,250	2,244	30,740	27,000	3,740	120	24.9	24.8	1,133	1,693
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	R-U Culture, recreation, other services	2022*	104	70	23.01	2,285	2,278	30,780	27,420	3,360	230	25.9	25.8	1,188	1,751
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	R Culture, sports and recreation	2022*	63	39	21.38	1,946	1,940	25,960	23,350	2,610	160	23.7	23.6	1,089	1,756
Total male and female	Total	10 to 99 employed persons	S Other service activities	2022*	41	31	25.04	2,807	2,797	38,190	33,680	4,510	330	29.3	29.2	1,340	1,745
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	A-U All economic activities	2022*	5,469	4,227	26.23	2,979	2,951	42,530	35,750	6,790	340	29.7	29.5	1,350	1,747
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	A-F Agriculture and industry	2022*	687	640	28.68	4,074	4,008	58,220	48,890	9,330	800	37.0	36.5	1,677	1,800
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	A Agriculture, forestry and fishing	2022*	16	14	23.83	3,213	3,137	44,530	38,560	5,970	630	35.1	34.2	1,580	1,853
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	B-F Industry and energy	2022*	671	626	28.79	4,095	4,029	58,560	49,140	9,410	810	37.1	36.5	1,680	1,798
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	B-E Industry (no construction), energy	2022*	532	494	28.83	4,051	3,984	58,860	48,610	10,250	510	36.6	36.1	1,658	1,784
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	B Mining and quarrying	2022*	5	5	40.86	6,058	5,989	96,130	72,700	23,430	670	38.8	38.3	1,759	1,850
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	C Manufacturing	2022*	474	439	28.62	4,007	3,941	57,980	48,080	9,900	480	36.5	36.0	1,652	1,781
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	D Electricity and gas supply	2022*	26	25	33.26	4,803	4,776	73,630	57,630	15,990	990	37.1	36.9	1,723	1,833
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	E Water supply and waste management	2022*	27	25	25.51	3,705	3,573	52,740	44,460	8,290	480	38.2	36.9	1,681	1,790
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	F Construction	2022*	139	132	28.64	4,266	4,203	57,390	51,200	6,190	1,960	38.7	38.1	1,761	1,851
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	G-N Commercial services	2022*	2,426	1,814	24.05	2,719	2,680	39,030	32,620	6,410	510	29.5	29.1	1,337	1,788
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	G-I Trade, transport, hotels, catering	2022*	1,077	757	21.66	2,306	2,262	32,810	27,680	5,130	420	27.7	27.3	1,253	1,784
Total male and female	Total	100 or more employed persons	G Wholesale and retail trade	2022*	730	479	20.74	2,044	2,024	29,480	24,530	4,950	490	25.7	25.4	1,171	1,784
Source: CBS.

Explanation of symbols

Dataset is not available.

This table comprises yearly figures on the main aspects of employment, wages and working hours in the Netherlands. The information in this table is broken down by sex of the employee, type of employment contract, size of enterprise and classification according to Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (SIC 2008)

Data available from: 2009.

Status of the figures:
Figures for the years 2009 to 2021 are definite. Figures for 2022 are provisional.

Changes as of 19 April 2023:
Provisional figures for 2022 are added.

The figures for 2022 are excluding the selections: ‘Type of employment contract: full-time’, ‘Type of employment contract: part-time’ for the branche ‘P Education’.

When will new figures be published?
The final figures for 2022 will be published in October 2023.

Description topics

Employment

Jobs: A job is an explicit or implicit employment contract between a person and an economic unit, specifying that labour will be carried out in return for remuneration (financial or otherwise). An employed person may have more than one job at a time. In that case the person has a main job and a secondary job. Each job counts separately. For the calculation of the average number of jobs in a certain period the starting date and end date of a job is taking into account. The weekly working hours are left out of account. Two successive jobs both with a 6-month working period will always count as one job in the average number of jobs, regardless of whether these jobs are full-time or part-time.

Labour volume: The volume of labour input in the production process, in terms of hours worked or full-time equivalents. Part-time jobs are counted proportionally (excluding overtime, after deduction of the reduction in working hours).
Calculation of the average labour volume for a certain period is based on the starting date and end date of a job and the weekly working hours. Two successive jobs both with a 6-month working period will count as 1 working year in the yearly average labour volume if both jobs are full-time. If they are part-time jobs they will count for less than a year.

Wage per job

Hourly wage: The hourly wage are calculated by the sum of gross wage of all the jobs of employees of the related population divide by the sum of the corresponding working hours. These wages and hours are summed by subpopulation and period.

The agreed gross wage is excluding bonuses/allowances and overtime pay, but including the value according to tax of non-monetary remuneration liable to tax.
The working hours are the hours paid for a job excluding overtime hours, holiday leave and public holidays. Leave in compensation for shorter working hours (ADV) is not recognized as working hours, so this is not included in the calculation.

Bonuses and allowances are occasional payments that are part of the gross wages such as holiday allowance, profit sharing and performance bonuses.

Monthly wages

The monthly wage is the agreed gross salary, excluding bonuses/allowances, but including the value according to tax of non-monetary remuneration liable to tax and paid overtime. The private tax benefits of a company car are not included. There is a difference between monthly wage including paid overtime and excluding paid overtime.
The average monthly wage in a year is determined by dividing the yearly wage sum by 12 times the average number of jobs in that year.

Monthly wage including overtime: The monthly wage including paid overtime.

Monthly wage excluding overtime: The monthly wage excluding paid overtime.

Yearly wage

Agreed gross salary including the value according to tax of non-monetary remuneration liable to tax and paid overtime. The private tax benefits of a company car are not included. The average yearly wage is determined by dividing the yearly wage sum by the average number of jobs in a year.

Yearly wage including bonuses: The yearly wage including bonuses and allowances, such as holiday allowance, profit sharing, performance bonuses etc.

Yearly wage excluding special payments: The yearly wage excluding bonuses and allowances, such as holiday allowance, profit sharing, performance bonuses etc.

Bonuses and allowances: Occasional payments that are part of the gross wages such as holiday allowance, profit sharing, performance bonuses etc.
These do not include contributions to wage savings schemes, compensation for dismissal, compensation for medical expenses and wages paid for overtime.

Additional tax liability for company car: Fixed value of private use of a company car minus extra payment by the employee for this use.

Working hours

The number of hours someone works in a normal or average working week. There is a distinction between weekly working hours and yearly working hours.
Weekly working hours are calculated by the average hours paid for a job divided by 52. The hours paid include hours leave, paid overtime hours and paid sick and study leave, but exclude reduction of working hours.
Also the weekly working hours without overtime is been determined. The yearly working hours of a job is the average hours paid for a job a year excluded overtime hours and leave hours through holiday, reduction of working hours and general recognized feast-days.
For the yearly working hours of a year of employment this yearly average is determined for a year of employment instead for a job.

Per job per week including overtime: Weekly working hours are calculated by the average hours paid for a job per year divided by 52. The hours paid include hours leave, paid overtime, and paid sick and study leave, but exclude reduction of working hours.

Per job per week excluding overtime: Weekly working hours are calculated by the average hours paid for a job per year divided by 52. The hours paid include hours leave and paid sick and study leave, but exclude reduction of working hours and paid overtime.

Per job per year: The yearly working hours of a job are the average hours paid for a job per year excluding overtime hours and holiday leave, leave as compensation for shorter working hours (ADV) and public holidays. For the yearly working hours in a year of employment this yearly average is calculated for a year of employment instead for a job.

Per working year: A working year is a measure for the labour volume calculated by converting all jobs (full-time and part-time) in a year to full-time equivalents (fte) by dividing the agreed working hours by the agreed working hours of a full-time job in a particular industry. The resulting full-time equivalents add up to working years. For example, two jobs of 0.5 fte add up to one working year.