International trade; Dutch export specialisation with respect to the EU

International trade; Dutch export specialisation with respect to the EU

Harmonized System Periods Distribution of exports Exports of Dutch products
Total goods 2021 55.0
01 Live animals 2021 80.4
02 Meat and edible meat offal 2021 88.1
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and... 2021 71.4
04 Dairy produce; birds eggs; natural... 2021 80.4
05 Products of animal origin, not els... 2021 32.7
06 Live trees and other plants; bulbs... 2021 93.2
07 Edible vegetables and certain root... 2021 81.6
08 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of cit... 2021 24.0
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 2021 56.2
10 Cereals 2021 43.4
11 Products of the milling industry; ... 2021 84.1
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; m... 2021 52.8
13 Lac; gums, resins and other vegeta... 2021 58.2
14 Vegetable plaiting materials; vege... 2021 39.1
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils ... 2021 69.0
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or o... 2021 61.8
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 2021 78.7
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 2021 64.5
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, st... 2021 81.3
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit,... 2021 73.1
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 2021 68.3
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 2021 66.4
23 Residues and waste from the food i... 2021 71.2
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco s... 2021 67.2
25 Salt; sulphur; earths and stone; p... 2021 72.5
26 Ores, slag and ash 2021 16.5
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and pr... 2021 59.5
28 Inorganic chemicals; organic or in... 2021 64.7
29 Organic chemicals 2021 72.4
30 Pharmaceutical products 2021 37.8
31 Fertilisers 2021 87.3
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannin... 2021 54.2
33 Essential oils and resinoids; perf... 2021 67.4
34 Soap, organic surface-active agent... 2021 72.7
35 Albuminoidal substances; modified ... 2021 71.2
36 Explosives; pyrotechnic products; ... 2021 71.4
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 2021 66.9
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 2021 39.5
39 Plastics and articles thereof 2021 75.2
40 Rubber and articles thereof 2021 40.6
41 Raw hides and skins (other than fu... 2021 60.0
42 Articles of leather; saddlery and ... 2021 38.4
43 Furskins and artificial fur; manuf... 2021 55.6
44 Wood and articles of wood; wood ch... 2021 59.3
45 Cork and articles of cork 2021 43.7
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto ... 2021 46.7
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous c... 2021 37.2
48 Paper and paperboard; articles of ... 2021 77.4
49 Printed books, newspapers, picture... 2021 77.5
50 Silk 2021 22.1
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair; ... 2021 57.6
52 Cotton 2021 70.5
53 Other vegetable textile fibres; pa... 2021 80.5
54 Man-made filaments; strip and the ... 2021 73.6
55 Man-made staple fibres 2021 61.3
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens; speci... 2021 74.2
57 Carpets and other textile floor co... 2021 77.7
58 Special woven fabrics; tufted text... 2021 69.3
59 Impregnated, coated, covered or la... 2021 65.6
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 2021 47.7
61 Articles of apparel and clothing a... 2021 1.5
62 Articles of apparel and clothing a... 2021 0.2
63 Other made-up textile articles; se... 2021 43.5
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like; pa... 2021 34.2
65 Headgear and parts thereof 2021 48.0
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking ... 2021 41.2
67 Prepared feathers and down and art... 2021 54.1
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement... 2021 72.8
69 Ceramic products 2021 61.1
70 Glass and glassware 2021 58.1
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precio... 2021 61.5
72 Iron and steel 2021 64.3
73 Articles of iron or steel 2021 65.6
74 Copper and articles thereof 2021 48.9
75 Nickel and articles thereof 2021 20.5
76 Aluminium and articles thereof 2021 53.8
78 Lead and articles thereof 2021 90.3
79 Zinc and articles thereof 2021 75.4
80 Tin and articles thereof 2021 19.1
81 Other base metals; cermets; articl... 2021 40.0
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons... 2021 38.8
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 2021 50.5
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machine... 2021 57.2
85 Electrical machinery and equipment... 2021 21.9
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, ro... 2021 78.5
87 Vehicles other than railway or tra... 2021 76.2
88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts th... 2021 36.7
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 2021 77.2
90 Optical, photographic, cinematogra... 2021 33.2
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 2021 29.0
92 Musical instruments; parts and acc... 2021 38.8
93 Arms and ammunition; parts and acc... 2021 68.1
94 Furniture; bedding, mattresses, ma... 2021 49.9
95 Toys, games and sports requisites;... 2021 44.9
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 2021 68.8
97 Works of art, collectors' pieces a... 2021 84.1
98 Components of complete industrial ... 2021 0.0
99 Miscellaneous 2021 97.9
Source: CBS.
Explanation of symbols

Dataset is not available.


This table describes the export specialisation of Dutch exports using the Balassa index. A Balassa index higher than 1 indicates specialisation in a product. If the index is below 1, there is no specialisation in that product.

The table also shows the share of each product chapter of the Harmonized System in total Dutch exports. Furthermore, it shows both the share of products made in the Netherlands as the re-exports of this chapter.

Data available from: 1996.

Status of the figures:
The figures are definite.

Changes as of December 19, 2022:
The final figures for 2021 have been added.

When will new figures be published?
The figures become available in the fourth quarter after the year under review.

Description topics

Distribution of exports
Exports of Dutch products
Exports of commodities produced or manufactured in the Netherlands.